Skin Lesions (Quiz 1/Exam 1) Flashcards
What are the 2 flat non-palpable lesions?
Macules and patches
What are the 11 primary skin lesions?
1) macule
2) patch
3) papule
4) plaque
5) nodule
6) tumor
7) wheal
8) vesicle
9) bulla
10) pustule
11) cyst
Which primary skin lesion is < 1cm?
Macule
What are some examples of macules?
-freckles
-flat nevi (mole)
-petechia
-rashes from rubella or roseola
Which primary skin lesion is >1cm?
Patch
What are some examples of patches?
-vitiligo
-cafe au lait spots
-melasma (chloasma)
-pityriasis rosea
What are the 5 elevated palpable lesions?
1) papule
2) plaque
3) nodule
4) tumor
5) wheal (hives, urticaria)
Which primary skin lesion is < .5 cm?
Papule and vesicle
What are some examples of papule?
-moles
-insect bites
-acne
-skin tags
Which primary skin lesion is > .5cm?
Plaque and bulla
What are some examples of plaque?
-psoriasis
-pityriasis rosea
-xanthomas
-seborrheic and actinic keratosis
Which primary skin lesion is .5-1 or 2 cm?
Nodules
What are some examples of nodules?
-lipomas
-acne
-erythema nodosum: tender, red nodules on skin seen with diseases like IBD, cancer, infections
What primary skin lesion is >1-2cm?
Tumor
What is the benign skin tumor lesion called?
Neurofibromatosis
What are some examples of wheals/hive/urticaria?
Insect bites and allergic reactions
What are the 4 elevated fluid filled lesions?
1) vesicle
2) bulla
3) pustule
4) cyst
What are some examples of vesicles?
-chicken pox
-herpes simplex and herpes zoster
-contact dermatitis
-insect bites
-early impetigo
What fluid is found in vesicles and bulla?
serous fluid
What are some examples of bulla?
-blisters
-contact dermatitis
-impetigo
What is a pustule?
-vesicle or bulla that is filled with pus due to infection
-septic with bacteria
-milky, yellow, or green color
-usually involve hair follicles or sweat glands
What is the most common bacteria to cause pustules?
s. aureus
What are some examples of pustules?
-acne
-impetigo
-folliculitis
-furuncle (boil)
-pustular psoriasis
What are cysts?
-elevated, circumscribed, or encapsulated fluid filled primary lesion
What are some examples of cysts?
-ganglion
-sebaceous
-pilonidal (found in sacral area with hair)
-pilar (wen)
-acne
What are the 12 secondary lesions?
1) scales
2) keloids
3) lichenification
4) atrophy
5) excoriations
6) fissures
7) erosions
8) ulcers
9) crusts
10) pustules
11) sclerosis
12) hyperkeratosis
Which secondary lesion is this?
-thin plates of dried cornified (keratin) epithelial tissue
-small or large
-oily or dry
-flaking
scales
What are some examples of scales?
-dandruff
-psoriasis
-seborrheic dermatitis
Which secondary lesion is this?
-enlarged scarring
-excess collagen deposition
keloids
Which secondary lesion is this?
-rough and thickened epidermis (hyperplasia) from chronic irritation, rubbing, or itching
-skin appears dry with skin furrow lines
lichenification
What is an example of lichenification?
atopic dermatitis (type 1 hypersensitivity reaction)
Atopic dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type 1
Which secondary lesion is this?
-lack of blood flow/nutrition
-skin will appear thinner, paler, and may have fine lines or furrows
-common in distal extremities
test q
atrophy lesions
What are some causes of atrophy?
-aging
-ischemia
-DM
-malnutrition
-discoid systemic lupus (on skin only)
-hormonal changes
-steroid injections
-actinic atrophy (light exposure)
Which secondary lesion is this?
-scratches, abrasions, and loss of epidermis
-appears scaly and hollow
excoriations
What are some causes of excoriations?
-scabies
-trauma
-chemicals
-irritations
Which secondary lesion is this?
-cracks, slits, or breaks in epidermis and can go into dermis as well
-trauma to area so area thickens
-becomes dry and inelastic
-linear at any depth
fissures
What are some causes of fissures?
test q
-athletes foot
-cheilosis/cheilitis (cracks on lips, can be from wind/cold)
-vit B and follate deficiencies
Which secondary lesion is this?
-loss of part of epidermis only
-depressed, moist, rupture from vesicles/bulla
-ex: bed sores (decubitus ulcers)
erosions
Which secondary lesion is this?
-deeper than fissures and excoriations
-loss of epidermis and DERMIS
ulcers
What are some causes of ulcers on skin?
-trauma
-infections
-pressure on bony prominences
-burns
-static ulcers
-diabetic ulcers
-syphilis ulcers
Which secondary lesion is this?
-dried fluid from blood, serous, or pus
-honey colored lesion
crust
What are some causes of crust?
-impetigo
-scabies
-eczema
-cradle cap
Which secondary lesion is this?
-infection forming an elevated lesion
-vesicles 1st usually
-caused by impetigo or acne
pustule
Which secondary lesion is this?
-increased amounts of collagen and or calcium salts in the tissues
-usually from chronic inflammation
sclerosis
What are some causes of sclerosis?
-keloids
-static dermatitis (results from poor circulation)
-systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Which secondary lesion is this?
-cells that form keratin don’‘t slough up and pile up leading to a thick skin
-ex: calluses, actinic and seborrheic keratosis
hyperkeratosis
What are the 8 vascular lesions?
1) petechiae
2) purpura
3) eccyymosis
4) spider angioma
5) spider vein (venous star)
6) telangiectasia
7) capillary hemangioma
8) hematoma
Which vascular lesion is < 0.5 cm with red-purple discolorations?
petechiae
What causes petechiae and purpura?
-insect bites
-vascular defects
-decreased platelets
-blood thinners like coumadin and heparin
-diseased spleen, BM, or cancer in spleen or BM
-vitamin C or collagen def
-trauma
-excessive aspirin
Which vascular lesion is >0.5 cm with red-purple discolorations?
purpura
What is henoch schonlein purpura?
board q
-a hypersensitivity vasculitis
-most common in children
-hemorrhagic urticaria on extensor surfaces
-post strep or URI
What is the largest extravascular/purpuric lesion?
eccymosis
What is the smallest extravascular/purpuric lesion?
petechiae
What causes eccymosis?
-trauma
-vasculitis
-vessel wall destruction
Which vascular lesion blanches with pressure and has a central body with radiating leg?
spider angioma
What causes spider angioma?
test q
-liver disease
-vit B def
Which vascular lesion is this?
-bluish
-does not blanch
-no central body
-increased pressure in superficial veins
spider vein (venous star)
Which vascular lesion is this?
-fine, irregular, reddish blue lines
-caused by capillary dilation from sun or radiation damage
telangiectasia
Besides capillary dilation from sun or radiation damage, what else can cause telangiectasia?
-roscea
-neoplasms
-osler weber rendu syndrome (inherited disorder affecting blood vessels with bleeding tendencies)
Which vascular lesion is this?
-red irregular patches due to dilation of dermal capillaries
capillary hemangioma “nevus flammeus”
Which vascular lesion is this?
-swelling made of extravasted blood
-confined to an organ, tissue, or space
-encapsulated leakage
-pocket of blood
hematoma
