Skin Lesions (Quiz 1/Exam 1)

Question 1

What are the 2 flat non-palpable lesions?

Answer 1

Macules and patches

Question 2

What are the 11 primary skin lesions?

Answer 2

1) macule
2) patch
3) papule
4) plaque
5) nodule
6) tumor
7) wheal
8) vesicle
9) bulla
10) pustule
11) cyst

Question 3

Which primary skin lesion is < 1cm?

Answer 3

Macule

Question 4

What are some examples of macules?

Answer 4

-freckles
-flat nevi (mole)
-petechia
-rashes from rubella or roseola

Question 5

Which primary skin lesion is >1cm?

Answer 5

Patch

Question 6

What are some examples of patches?

Answer 6

-vitiligo
-cafe au lait spots
-melasma (chloasma)
-pityriasis rosea

Question 7

What are the 5 elevated palpable lesions?

Answer 7

1) papule
2) plaque
3) nodule
4) tumor
5) wheal (hives, urticaria)

Question 8

Which primary skin lesion is < .5 cm?

Answer 8

Papule and vesicle

Question 9

What are some examples of papule?

Answer 9

-moles
-insect bites
-acne
-skin tags

Question 10

Which primary skin lesion is > .5cm?

Answer 10

Plaque and bulla

Question 11

What are some examples of plaque?

Answer 11

-psoriasis
-pityriasis rosea
-xanthomas
-seborrheic and actinic keratosis

Question 12

Which primary skin lesion is .5-1 or 2 cm?

Answer 12

Nodules

Question 13

What are some examples of nodules?

Answer 13

-lipomas
-acne
-erythema nodosum: tender, red nodules on skin seen with diseases like IBD, cancer, infections

Question 14

What primary skin lesion is >1-2cm?

Answer 14

Tumor

Question 15

What is the benign skin tumor lesion called?

Answer 15

Neurofibromatosis

Question 16

What are some examples of wheals/hive/urticaria?

Answer 16

Insect bites and allergic reactions

Question 17

What are the 4 elevated fluid filled lesions?

Answer 17

1) vesicle
2) bulla
3) pustule
4) cyst

Question 18

What are some examples of vesicles?

Answer 18

-chicken pox
-herpes simplex and herpes zoster
-contact dermatitis
-insect bites
-early impetigo

Question 19

What fluid is found in vesicles and bulla?

Answer 19

serous fluid

Question 20

What are some examples of bulla?

Answer 20

-blisters
-contact dermatitis
-impetigo

Question 21

What is a pustule?

Answer 21

-vesicle or bulla that is filled with pus due to infection
-septic with bacteria
-milky, yellow, or green color
-usually involve hair follicles or sweat glands

Question 22

What is the most common bacteria to cause pustules?

Answer 22

s. aureus

Question 23

What are some examples of pustules?

Answer 23

-acne
-impetigo
-folliculitis
-furuncle (boil)
-pustular psoriasis

Question 24

What are cysts?

Answer 24

-elevated, circumscribed, or encapsulated fluid filled primary lesion

Question 25

What are some examples of cysts?

Answer 25

-ganglion -sebaceous -pilonidal (found in sacral area with hair) -pilar (wen) -acne

Question 26

What are the 12 secondary lesions?

Answer 26

1) scales 2) keloids 3) lichenification 4) atrophy 5) excoriations 6) fissures 7) erosions 8) ulcers 9) crusts 10) pustules 11) sclerosis 12) hyperkeratosis

Question 27

Which secondary lesion is this? -thin plates of dried cornified (keratin) epithelial tissue -small or large -oily or dry -flaking

Answer 27

scales

Question 28

What are some examples of scales?

Answer 28

-dandruff -psoriasis -seborrheic dermatitis

Question 29

Which secondary lesion is this? -enlarged scarring -excess collagen deposition

Answer 29

keloids

Question 30

Which secondary lesion is this? -rough and thickened epidermis (hyperplasia) from chronic irritation, rubbing, or itching -skin appears dry with skin furrow lines

Answer 30

lichenification

Question 31

What is an example of lichenification?

Answer 31

atopic dermatitis (type 1 hypersensitivity reaction)

Question 32

Atopic dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 32

type 1

Question 33

Which secondary lesion is this? -lack of blood flow/nutrition -skin will appear thinner, paler, and may have fine lines or furrows -common in distal extremities test q

Answer 33

atrophy lesions

Question 34

What are some causes of atrophy?

Answer 34

-aging -ischemia -DM -malnutrition -discoid systemic lupus (on skin only) -hormonal changes -steroid injections -actinic atrophy (light exposure)

Question 35

Which secondary lesion is this? -scratches, abrasions, and loss of epidermis -appears scaly and hollow

Answer 35

excoriations

Question 36

What are some causes of excoriations?

Answer 36

-scabies -trauma -chemicals -irritations

Question 37

Which secondary lesion is this? -cracks, slits, or breaks in epidermis and can go into dermis as well -trauma to area so area thickens -becomes dry and inelastic -linear at any depth

Answer 37

fissures

Question 38

What are some causes of fissures? test q

Answer 38

-athletes foot -cheilosis/cheilitis (cracks on lips, can be from wind/cold) -vit B and follate deficiencies

Question 39

Which secondary lesion is this? -loss of part of epidermis only -depressed, moist, rupture from vesicles/bulla -ex: bed sores (decubitus ulcers)

Answer 39

erosions

Question 40

Which secondary lesion is this? -deeper than fissures and excoriations -loss of epidermis and DERMIS

Answer 40

ulcers

Question 41

What are some causes of ulcers on skin?

Answer 41

-trauma -infections -pressure on bony prominences -burns -static ulcers -diabetic ulcers -syphilis ulcers

Question 42

Which secondary lesion is this? -dried fluid from blood, serous, or pus -honey colored lesion

Answer 42

crust

Question 43

What are some causes of crust?

Answer 43

-impetigo -scabies -eczema -cradle cap

Question 44

Which secondary lesion is this? -infection forming an elevated lesion -vesicles 1st usually -caused by impetigo or acne

Answer 44

pustule

Question 45

Which secondary lesion is this? -increased amounts of collagen and or calcium salts in the tissues -usually from chronic inflammation

Answer 45

sclerosis

Question 46

What are some causes of sclerosis?

Answer 46

-keloids -static dermatitis (results from poor circulation) -systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)

Question 47

Which secondary lesion is this? -cells that form keratin don''t slough up and pile up leading to a thick skin -ex: calluses, actinic and seborrheic keratosis

Answer 47

hyperkeratosis

Question 48

What are the 8 vascular lesions?

Answer 48

1) petechiae 2) purpura 3) eccyymosis 4) spider angioma 5) spider vein (venous star) 6) telangiectasia 7) capillary hemangioma 8) hematoma

Question 49

Which vascular lesion is < 0.5 cm with red-purple discolorations?

Answer 49

petechiae

Question 50

What causes petechiae and purpura?

Answer 50

-insect bites -vascular defects -decreased platelets -blood thinners like coumadin and heparin -diseased spleen, BM, or cancer in spleen or BM -vitamin C or collagen def -trauma -excessive aspirin

Question 51

Which vascular lesion is >0.5 cm with red-purple discolorations?

Answer 51

purpura

Question 52

What is henoch schonlein purpura? board q

Answer 52

-a hypersensitivity vasculitis -most common in children -hemorrhagic urticaria on extensor surfaces -post strep or URI

Question 53

What is the largest extravascular/purpuric lesion?

Answer 53

eccymosis

Question 54

What is the smallest extravascular/purpuric lesion?

Answer 54

petechiae

Question 55

What causes eccymosis?

Answer 55

-trauma -vasculitis -vessel wall destruction

Question 56

Which vascular lesion blanches with pressure and has a central body with radiating leg?

Answer 56

spider angioma

Question 57

What causes spider angioma? test q

Answer 57

-liver disease -vit B def

Question 58

Which vascular lesion is this? -bluish -does not blanch -no central body -increased pressure in superficial veins

Answer 58

spider vein (venous star)

Question 59

Which vascular lesion is this? -fine, irregular, reddish blue lines -caused by capillary dilation from sun or radiation damage

Answer 59

telangiectasia

Question 60

Besides capillary dilation from sun or radiation damage, what else can cause telangiectasia?

Answer 60

-roscea -neoplasms -osler weber rendu syndrome (inherited disorder affecting blood vessels with bleeding tendencies)

Question 61

Which vascular lesion is this? -red irregular patches due to dilation of dermal capillaries

Answer 61

capillary hemangioma "nevus flammeus"

Question 62

Which vascular lesion is this? -swelling made of extravasted blood -confined to an organ, tissue, or space -encapsulated leakage -pocket of blood

Answer 62

hematoma