Skin Layers Plus Function

Question 1

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 1

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (fatty tissue, adipose, subcutaneous tissue)

Question 2

How many layers in the epidermis?

Answer 2

5

Question 3

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 3

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germinativum (basale)

Question 4

What is the stratum germanitivum?

Answer 4

It’s alive
Connected with stratum spinosum both are basal layer
Mitosis happens
Has melanocytes

Question 5

What it’s keratinization?

Answer 5

When the cells go up to the surface of the skin

Question 6

What is desquamation?

Answer 6

When cells sloughs off

Question 7

Stratum spinosum?

Answer 7

The stratum germanitivum and spinosum are connected together (basal layer)
Mitosis forms
And make melanocytes

Question 8

Stratum granulosum?

Answer 8

Middle layer of epidermis
Cells are dead
80% dead

Question 9

Stratum lucidum?

Answer 9

It’s a see through

Because we need some Vit D in our body

Question 10

Stratum corneum?

Answer 10

It has 15 to 20 layers

Dead skin cells

Question 11

How many melanocytes do we have?

Answer 11

15 thousand per sq ft

Melanocytes it’s our natural sunblock

Question 12

How many days do our skin cells surface to skin?

Answer 12

28 days but the older we get the slower it keratinize

Baby it’s 3-4 days

Question 13

How many layers in the dermis?

Answer 13

Two layers

Reticular and papillary layer

Question 14

Papillary layer?

Answer 14

Upper layer of the dermis
30%
Contains more capillaries (touch heat cold )

Question 15

Reticular layer?

Answer 15

2nd layer of the dermis
70%
Composed of water
Nerve endings
Blood vessels 
Has fibroblast cells

Question 16

Fibroblasts?

Answer 16

In the reticular layer of the dermis
1 is a fibrocyte
Produces collagen (70%) and elastin (30%) and gligcocinimoglycans which is a sugar molecule holding water to skin

Question 17

How do fibroblast works?

Answer 17

After 25 we don’t produce any collagen or elastin

Once you hit menopause after 5 yrs we lose 30% collagen +elastin

Question 18

What are floaters?

Answer 18

Floaters It’s collagen floating around

If we see them we need to decrease sugar and take antioxidants and vitamins

Question 19

How can we trigger the fibroblast ?

Answer 19

Anytime we do trauma to the skin we stimulate the fibroblast 
-microneddling
-microdermabrasion (aggressively)
Chemical peel (deep peel)
Last (dr does)

Question 20

Macrophages?

Answer 20

It's a leukocyte (white blood cells)
In the dermis
Devours foreign material such as bacteria to protect body
Thus removing dead debris
1st line of defense

Question 21

Subcutaneous tissue other names ?

Answer 21

Hypodermis
Fatty tissue
Adipose

Question 22

What it’s a septae?

Answer 22

It’s a division connects the adipose (hypodermis) with the dermis

Question 23

What happens with the septae?

Answer 23

Over time it can stretch like a rubber band

When septae goes up we get cellulite

Question 24

What’s the diff between fat and cellulite ?

Answer 24

It’s location. When it’s up we get cellulite

Question 25

What are fat cells?

Answer 25

Fat cells store lipids It has one nucleus in one side and the remainder is filled with lipid (glisterol, h20, CO2, toxins) More numerous in the hypodermis

Question 26

What are the chromatatophores?

Answer 26

In the dermis | When the epidermis is heavily pigmented they obtain pigment from the melanocytes in the epidermis

Question 27

How do the chromatatophores get the pigment?

Answer 27

From the epidermis it goes down to the dermis and it's hard to remove it produces very fast You need a fading cream (hydrocortisone licorine extract )

Question 28

Why does septae break ?

Answer 28

``` From menopause Illness Genetic Diet Sugar ```

Question 29

What’s the responsibility of the skin?

Answer 29

``` Protect Excretion of sweat Secretion of oil Contour Storage of fats Growth of appendages (hair nails sweat oil gland ) Heat regulation ```

Question 30

What it’s the acid mantle?

Answer 30

``` It’s dead skin Oil and sweat gland make up acid mantle Oil Water Protects us against other pathogens ```

Question 31

How many glands in a follicle ?

Answer 31

``` 2 Oil gland (release oil) Sweat gland ( h20 minerals and electrolites ) ```

Question 32

Ph of the skin?

Answer 32

4.5 to 6.5

Question 33

Acid?

Answer 33

0 1 23 it’s acid

Question 34

Alkaline ?

Answer 34

``` 10 11 12 more alkaline Dry flaky (soap water ? ```

Question 35

What does the oil gland do in the follicle ?

Answer 35

Oil goes up to surface of pore

Question 36

Sweat gland do? In the follicle ?

Answer 36

Releases water , electrolytes goes up surface of skin

Question 37

How many types of | Follicles ?

Answer 37

2 Apocrine Eccrine

Question 38

Appocrine?

Answer 38

Hormones When nervous Emotional control In the hair follicle

Question 39

Eccrine ?

Answer 39

``` Another sweat pore If room gets hot Physical hot Gives u goosebumps It pumps water after waxing ```

Question 40

What activates melanocytes ?

Answer 40

Sun Trauma Hormones

Question 41

Where are the melanocytes present?

Answer 41

Basal layer | The gernanitivum and spinosum it’s the basal layer

Question 42

Fitz 1 2 and 3. What type of spf ?

Answer 42

SPF 30

Question 43

Fitz 4 5 6? What type of spf?

Answer 43

Spf 15 bcuz u could handle more sun | Don’t burn that much

Question 44

What are cytokines ?

Answer 44

Messengers communicates cells tells cells what to do

Question 45

Epidermis is more oil loving or water loving ?

Answer 45

Oil loving

Question 46

Is dermis more oil loving or water loving ?

Answer 46

Water loving

Question 47

Does hyaloronic acid penetrate deep?

Answer 47

No because epidermis is more oil loving Oil and water don’t mix We need to use hyaloronic in a liposome

Question 48

How does the filler work?

Answer 48

Filler goes inside the dermis It has hyaloronic acid To go down to the dermis

Question 49

How do we put product into the dermis?

Answer 49

Ultrasound | Galvanic

Question 50

How does the spf work ?

Answer 50

Ex spf 30 15 mins u burn Apply spf 30 = 450 mins after u apply sunblock

Question 51

Melanogemesis ?

Answer 51

Sun shines on skin Free radicals -oxygen loses electron Cytokines melanin stimulates hormone Binds to tyrosinase ???