Skin Infections Flashcards
- X% of UK GP appointments are skin related and Y% of these are due to skin infections
15%
25%
Staph aureus is gram +ve/-ve?
+ve
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM is gram +ve/-ve?
-ve
What are 7 common skin infections?
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS TREPONEMA PALLIDUM HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUSES TYPES 1 AND 2 VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS TRICHOPHYTUM CANDIDA INTERTRIGO SCABIES
where is staph aureus usually colonised?
in the nose, axillae and groins
What is impetigo
Infection of subcorneal layer of epidermis
What is folliculitis
Infection of mouth of hair follicle
What is ecythema
Infection of full thickness of epidermis
What is a boil
Abscess of hair follicle
What is a carbuncle
Abscess of several adjacent hair follicles
Abscess of several adjacent hair follicles is known as a….
Carbuncle
Abscess of hair follicle is known as a….
Boil
Infection of full thickness of epidermis is known as….
Ecythema
Infection of mouth of hair follicle is known as….
folliculitis
Infection of subcorneal layer of epidermis is known as….
Impetigo
Through toxin production what can staph A cause and what is its virulence factor (4)
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin effecting skin, works on desmoglein)
Toxic shock syndrome (toxic shock syndrome toxin 1)
Food poisoning (enterotoxin)
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (Panton Valentine Leucocidin virulence factor)
What does TREPONEMA PALLIDUM cause?
Syphilis
What shape is TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
Spirochaete
4 stages of syphilis?
Primary (3-8 weeks) Painless ulcer (chancre) at site of inoculation
Secondary (6-12 weeks) Disseminated infection with generalised rash and lymphadenopathy
Latent (asymptomatic) period
Tertiary (usually years later) Skin, neurological and vascular manifestations
How can syphilis be acquired?
Through sex and congenitally
Main treatment for syphilis?
Penicillin
What are t1 herpes infections?
Oral
What are t2 herpes infections?
Genital
Medication for herpes?
Acyclovir
Which branch of what nerves’ reactivation of Herpes zoster can cause major problems?
Opthalmic of trigeminal 5a
Medication for shingles?
Acyclovir and a vaccine is available
What is trichophytum
dermatophyte
What does trichophytum cause
superficial fungal infections
- Tinea unguium is what?
Fungal infection of the nail
- Tinea capitis is what?
fungal infection of hair that affects children
- Tinea manuum is what?
fungal infection of the hand, common in people who handle animals
- Tinea pedis is what?
fungal infection between toes
- Tinea cruris is what?
Fungal infection in the crotch, skin of it and not the actual scrotum
- Tinea facei is what?
fungal infection of the face, from cuddling
What word is used to indicate fungal infection
Tinea
CANDIDA INTERTRIGO causes what
- Inflammation of a body crease
When do you need to take tablets for a fungal infections
: IF NAIL AND HAIR IS INVOLVED YOU NEED TABLETS AS THE INFECTION IS TOO DEEP
What causes scabies
SARCOPTES SCABEI
How does SARCOPTES SCABEI cause scabies
burrows into the skin
- Scabies burrows can be found in certain regions of the body e.g. ….. (6)
genital region, nipples, wrists, finger webs, instep of feet, axilla
How does scabies present
- Exposure to mite faeces and eggs causes a delayed allergic reaction, resulting in a widespread eczematous rash which usually appears 4 weeks after the infestation, and is very itchy
Treatment for scabies?
- Treatment is with topical or systemic insecticides
How does varicella zoster present?
chicken pox Manifests with fever and malaise, followed by development of a widespread vesicular rash
How does herpes simplex present?
painful vesicular rash which heals over 2-4 weeks
- Due to latency in sensory neurons, there can be reactivation and recurrences of infection
- You can get eczema herpeticum and herpes encephalitis.
