Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Y2 > Parasitic Infections > Flashcards

Parasitic Infections Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a PARASITE

A

An organism that lives in (or on) (infects) the host and is dependent on it for nutrition, often causing damage or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are protozoa

A

are single-celled eukaryotic organisms whose pathogenesis is varied and many are carried by insect vectors
- They do not produce eosinophilia in the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are metazoa

A
  • Helminths/worms are complex multicellular organisms known as metazoa which can be free living or transmitted by vectors and their lifecycle involves an intermediate host – humans are the definitive host
  • Adult worms lay eggs or produce microfilariae but cannot themselves multiply in man, so they’re a cause of morbidity rather than mortality
  • Forms which invade the blood often cause eosinophilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do protozoa evoke eosinophilia

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do metazoa evoke eosinophilia

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are ectoparasites

A

Parasites that live externally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are endoparasites

A

Parasites that live internally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 types of protozoa?

A

Amoeba, coccidiae, ciliae, flagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 examples of metazoa?

A

roundworms, flatworms, flukes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Difference between protozoa and metazoan?

A

Protozoa: single celled, no eosinophilia, can cause mortality

Metazoa: multicellular, eosinophilia, cause morbidity rather than mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 examples of ectoparasites?

A

Scabies, live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Example of an amoeba?

A

Entamoeba histolyca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Entamoeba histolyca cause?

A

bloody diarrhea (dysentery) when it infects the colon and can also lead to abscess formation in the liver – these amoebae can ingest red cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of an coccidiae? (3)

A
  • Plasmodium species e.g. P. falciparum, ovale, vivax, knowlesi and malariae cause malaria – the lifecycle involves the invertebrate (Anopheles mosquito) and the vertebrate (man)
  • Toxoplasma gondaa
  • Cryptosporidium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of parasite is Entamoeba histolyca

A

Amoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of parasites are plasmodium

A

Coccidiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathophysiology of malaria? (5)

A

febrile illness, paroxysm, cerebral malaria, respiratory distress and severe anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of parasite is Toxoplasma gondaa

A

coccidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of parasite is Cryptosporidium

A

coccidia which can infect the small bowel and produces severe diarrhea – infection is commonly waterborne/faeco-oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does cryptosporidium cause

A

coccidia which can infect the small bowel and produces severe diarrhea – infection is commonly waterborne/faeco-oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you diagnose malaria? (2)

A

Blood films are used to diagnose, rapid test is also available via antigen detection test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Example of Flagellate? (4)

A
  • Giardia
  • Trichomonas
    Lieshmania
    Trypanosoma (Tsetse flies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Giardia is example of what type of protozoa?

A

Flagellate

24
Q

Trichomonas is example of what type of protozoa?

A

Flagellate

25
Q

Lieshmania is example of what type of protozoa?

A

Flagellate

26
Q

Trypanosoma is example of what type of protozoa?

A

Flagellate

27
Q

What does giardia infect

A

the upper small bowel (jejunum)

28
Q

What does giardia cause

A

giardiasis (prolonged diarrhea, sometimes causing malabsorption

29
Q

What does trypanosoma cause

A

febrile illness with lymphadenopathy

30
Q

What does trichonomonas cause (3)

A

vaginitis

Causes an offensive odour, can cause abdominal pain

31
Q

Example of a ciliate and what it causes?

A
  • Balantidium is an unusual pathogen in man causing balantidiasis, which involves diarrhea in immunocompromised patients
32
Q

What is a vector

A

A vector is an organism that acts as an intermediary host for a parasite.

33
Q

4 examples of roundworms?

A
  • Ascaris
  • Filaria
  • Hookworm
  • Strongyloides
34
Q

What does ascaris cause? What does this lead to?

A

ascariasis in the bowel, they live in the intestines – worms can cause obstruction of the bile duct or the bowel, and have no intermediate host, abdominal pains, or malnourishment

35
Q

What does hookworm cause?

A

Iron deficiency

36
Q

How does hookworm enter the body

A

via the skin

37
Q

examples of a metazoa with no intermediate host?

A

Ascaris

38
Q

What do filaria cause?

A

Aedes mosquitoes, blackflies and mango flies and can cause lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), cutaneous filariasis (onchoceriasis) and loaiasis (Loa Loa) (eyeworm)

39
Q

What does the aedes mosquito act as a vector for and cause?

A

filaria and can cause lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)

40
Q

What do blackflies act as a vector for and cause?

A

filaria and cutaneous filariasis (onchoceriasis)

41
Q

What do mango flies act as a vector for and cause?

A

filaria and loaiasis (Loa Loa) (eyeworm)

42
Q

What does Strongyloides worm cause

A

severe illness especially when the host is immunocompromised – cause of diarrheal illness in the tropics

43
Q

Example of a flatworm?

A
  • Taenia (tapeworm) - pork (taenia solium) or beef (taenia saginata)
44
Q

what does taenia infectation cause and what does it lead to the acquisition of?

A

can invade host tissues especially the brain leading to cysticercosis with fits and neurological signs
- Commonest cause of acquired epilepsy

45
Q

Example of a fluke?

A
  • Schistosoma
46
Q

what do schistosoma do to the human?

A

Adult worms live in the urinary bladder or bowel where they lay eggs which may spread to the liver and cause inflammation leading to fibrosis and obstruction of the HPV – this results in esophageal varices and hemoptysis

47
Q

Example of a lice?

A

Pediculus humanus capitis, pediculus humanus corporis and pthirus pubis

48
Q

What can lice serve as a vector for (3)

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus), Bartonella Quintana (trench fever) and Borrelia recurrentis (louse-borne relapsing fever)

49
Q

What is the vector for leishmania

A

sandflies

50
Q

Difference between leismania in the human vs in the sandfly host?

A

No longer has flagella in the human

51
Q

3 forms of leishmaniasis and what are the defining features?

A

Visceral: most severe, irregular fever, weight loss, swelling of liver and spleen, anaemia

Cutaneous: skin lesions on exposed body parts, can create serious disability and scars

Diffuse cutaneous: disseminated lesions, resembles leprosy, no spontaneous healing, frequent relapses

mucocutaneous: disfiguring, destroys mucous membranes

52
Q

what are the defining features of visceral lieshmaniasis? (4)

A

irregular fever, weight loss, swelling of liver and spleen, anaemia

53
Q

what are the defining features of cutaneous lieshmaniasis? (3)

A

skin lesions on exposed body parts, can create serious disability and scars

54
Q

what are the defining features of diffuse cutaneous lieshmaniasis? (4)

A

disseminated lesions, resembles leprosy, no spontaneous healing, frequent relapses

55
Q

what are the defining features of mucocutaneous lieshmaniasis? (2)

A

disfiguring, destroys mucous membranes

Microbiology Y2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions