skin infections Flashcards

1
Q

what are the features of S. Aureus?

A
  • gram +ve
  • colonisation in nose, axilla, groin
  • most common cause of skin infections
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2
Q

how does S Aureus effect the dermis/epidermis?

A
  • impetigo (infection of subcorneal of epidermis)
  • folliculitis (infection of mouth of hair follicle)
  • ecthyma (infection of full thickness of epidermis)
  • boils (abscess of hair follicle)
  • carbuncle (abscess of several adjacent follicles)
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3
Q

What are the diseases caused by Staph Aureus? Via which toxin?

A
  • Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Exfoliative toxin)
  • toxic shock syndrome (toxic shock syndrome toxin)
  • food poisoning (enterotoxin)
  • necrotising soft tissue infections (panton Valentine Leucocidin VF)
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4
Q

how do you treat all of these diseases?

A
  • antibiotics
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5
Q

What is Treoponema pallidum?

A
  • cause of syphilis

- syphilis can be vertically transmitted and cause congential syphilis

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6
Q

what are the features of the herpes simplex virus?

A
  • members of human herpes virus (HHV) family
  • DNA viruses
  • Type 1: causes oral infections
  • Type 2: causes genital infections
  • transmission by direct contact
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7
Q

what are the stages of syphilis?

A
  • primary: painless ulcers at site of inoculation
  • secondary: disseminatted infection with rash, lymphadenopathy
  • latent: asymptomatic period
  • tertiary: skin (gummatous skin lesions, bone lesions), neurological and vascular manifestations
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8
Q

what are the clinical features of HSV?

A
  • painful vesiclar rash (heals over 2-4 weeks)
  • eczema herpeticum
  • herpes encephalitis
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9
Q

what is the treatment of HSV?

A
  • no vaccine

- outbreaks treated with anti-viral medication e.g. acyclovir

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10
Q

what is the target cell, disease caused and site of latency of HHV-2?

A
  • muco-epithelial
  • oro-genital herpes
  • neuron
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11
Q

what is the target cell, disease caused and site of latency of HHV-1?

A
  • muco-epithelial
  • chicken pox, shingles
  • neuron
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12
Q

what is VZV?

A
  • varicella zoster virus

- another human herpes virus

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13
Q

what is the primary infection with VZV?

A
  • causes chicken pox
  • prodrome of fever and malaise
  • followed by development of widespread vesicular rash
  • usually lasts around 2 weeks and then becomes latent
  • can reactivate shingles
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14
Q

what is herpes zoster or shingles?

A
  • reactivation of VZV and a painful vesicular rash appears along course of a dermatome
  • usually heals in 2-4 weeks
  • can be consequences if CN V1 damaged
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15
Q

what are the features of Trichophytum?

A
  • common cause of superficial infection
  • dermatophte
  • “tinea” followed by body part
    e. g. Tinea capitis
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16
Q

what is a dermatophyte?

A
  • type of fungus that particularly affects parts of body that have keratin
17
Q

what are the clinical mainfestations of trichophytum?

A
  • erythromatous scaly rash on skin/scalp
  • discoloured
  • crumbly nails
18
Q

how is trichophytum treated?

A
  • topical or systemic anti-fungals

e. g. Terbinafine

19
Q

what is scabies?

A

skin infectation by mite Sarcoptes scabei

20
Q

what is the pathogenesis of scabies?

A
  • mite burrows into surface of skin
  • exposure to mite faeces and eggs cause a delayed-type allergic reaction
  • results in widespread eczematous rash
  • occurs around 4 weeks after 1st infection
  • itchy
  • secondary bacterial infection common
21
Q

where are the burrow sites usually?

A
  • genital regions
  • nipples
  • wrists
  • finger webs
  • instep of feet
  • axilla
22
Q

how do you treat scabies?

A

topical systemic insecticides