skin infections Flashcards
what are the features of S. Aureus?
- gram +ve
- colonisation in nose, axilla, groin
- most common cause of skin infections
how does S Aureus effect the dermis/epidermis?
- impetigo (infection of subcorneal of epidermis)
- folliculitis (infection of mouth of hair follicle)
- ecthyma (infection of full thickness of epidermis)
- boils (abscess of hair follicle)
- carbuncle (abscess of several adjacent follicles)
What are the diseases caused by Staph Aureus? Via which toxin?
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Exfoliative toxin)
- toxic shock syndrome (toxic shock syndrome toxin)
- food poisoning (enterotoxin)
- necrotising soft tissue infections (panton Valentine Leucocidin VF)
how do you treat all of these diseases?
- antibiotics
What is Treoponema pallidum?
- cause of syphilis
- syphilis can be vertically transmitted and cause congential syphilis
what are the features of the herpes simplex virus?
- members of human herpes virus (HHV) family
- DNA viruses
- Type 1: causes oral infections
- Type 2: causes genital infections
- transmission by direct contact
what are the stages of syphilis?
- primary: painless ulcers at site of inoculation
- secondary: disseminatted infection with rash, lymphadenopathy
- latent: asymptomatic period
- tertiary: skin (gummatous skin lesions, bone lesions), neurological and vascular manifestations
what are the clinical features of HSV?
- painful vesiclar rash (heals over 2-4 weeks)
- eczema herpeticum
- herpes encephalitis
what is the treatment of HSV?
- no vaccine
- outbreaks treated with anti-viral medication e.g. acyclovir
what is the target cell, disease caused and site of latency of HHV-2?
- muco-epithelial
- oro-genital herpes
- neuron
what is the target cell, disease caused and site of latency of HHV-1?
- muco-epithelial
- chicken pox, shingles
- neuron
what is VZV?
- varicella zoster virus
- another human herpes virus
what is the primary infection with VZV?
- causes chicken pox
- prodrome of fever and malaise
- followed by development of widespread vesicular rash
- usually lasts around 2 weeks and then becomes latent
- can reactivate shingles
what is herpes zoster or shingles?
- reactivation of VZV and a painful vesicular rash appears along course of a dermatome
- usually heals in 2-4 weeks
- can be consequences if CN V1 damaged
what are the features of Trichophytum?
- common cause of superficial infection
- dermatophte
- “tinea” followed by body part
e. g. Tinea capitis