Skin Infections Flashcards
Bullous Impetigo
Cat scratch disease
Chickenpox
Cutaneous Anthrax
Erysipelas
Folliculitis
Gas Gangrene
Koplik’s Spots
Measles
Nonbullous Impetigo
Pseudomonas
Roseola
Erythema infectiosum
“Fifth Disease”
Shingles
Rubella
Smallpox
Poxviral Infection
Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome
SSSS
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Sensations:
based on nerve endings in skin
Dermis location…
lower and deeper in the skin; thicker
Epidermis location…
superficial layer
Malassezia:
Staph, micrococcus, diphtheroids:
Malassezia: opportunistic fungi found on skin surfaces of animals and humans
Staph, micrococcus, diphtheroids: opportunistic gram-positive bacteria found in the environment like the soil
Folliculitis:
Sty:
Furuncle:
Carbuncle:
Folliculitis: infection of hair follicle (pimple)
Sty: base of eyelid
Furuncle: infection spreads to invade surrounding tissue
Carbuncle: multiple furuncles growing together
What usually causes folliculitis?
staphyloccus
The 2 types of staphyloccus in folliculitis and brief explanation:
S. aureus: just bad in general
S. epidermis: mostly opportunistic; problematic in catheters
Folliculitis
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis: isolated Gram + clusters in pus
Treatment: antibiotics
Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome is caused by…
S. aureus with exfoliative toxin; type of toxemia since it’s in the blood
Staph scalded skin syndrome transmission, diagnosis, and treatment
Transmission: person-to-person
Diagnosis: physical traits (peeling, sloughing of skin)
Treatment: antibiotics
Impetigo is caused by…
Erysipelas is caused by…
Impetigo: S. aureus and/or streptococcus pyogenes (GROUP A STREP)
Erysipelas: streptococcus pyogenes
What is a possible complication of Erysipelas?
Acute glomerulonephritis
Impetigo/Erysipelas
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Transmission: person-to-person or formite (object)
Diagnosis: presence of yellow vesicles (impetigo)
Treatment: antibiotics
Necrotizing fasciitis is usually caused by…
Streptococcus pyogenes
Necrotizing fasciitis
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Transmission: person-to-person, breaks in skin
Diagnosis: difficult early on because generic
Treatment: IV antibiotics, surgical debridement (clean up dead tissue)
Acne stages…
- Normal skin; oily sebum is produced & discharged through pore
- Whitehead; inflammed skin causes bacteria and sebum accumulation
- Blackhead; dead and dying bacteria block pore
- Pustule formation: severe inflammation of hair follicle
Cat scratch disease is caused by…
bartonella henselae
Cat scratch disease
Symptoms:
Transmission:
Treatment:
Symptoms: fever, malaise (icky feeling), local swelling
Transmission: cat bite/scratch or blood sucking arthropods
Treatment: antibiotics
Pseudomonas
Symptoms:
Found:
MDR:
Symptoms: fever, chills, shock, pyocyanin (blue-green pigment)
Found: ubiquitous
MDR: multi drug resistant
Cutaneous anthrax is caused by…
bacillus anthracis; Gram + rod spore former
Cutaneous anthrax
Characteristics:
Treatment:
Prevention:
Characteristics: eschar (gross black spot; painless lesion)
Treatment: antibiotics
Prevention: control disease in livestock
Gas gangrene is caused by…
clostridium perfringens; Gram + rod; anaerobic; spore
Gas gangrene
Symptoms:
Vegetative cells:
Mortality rate:
Treatment:
Symptoms: necrosis (dead tissue; connective and muscle) and black gas bubble
Vegetative cells: produce 11 toxins that kill surrounding tissue
Mortality rate: can exceed 40%
Treatment: surgical debridement, antibiotics, antitoxin
Poxviral infection phases
- Macule: flat
- Papule: raised
- Vesicle: fluid
- Pustule: pus
- Crust: flat, no pus
- Scar
Smallpox
Specific pox is called…
Transmission:
Treatment:
Specific pox is called variola
Transmission: inhalation
Treatment: vaccine
Herpes
Synctyia:
Transmission:
Synctyia: fuse with cells next to it; evades immune system
Transmission: contact with mucous membranes
Chickenpox and shingles are both caused by…
varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Chickenpox and shingles
Pathogenesis:
Epidemiology:
Pathogenesis: respiratory tract to skin via blood and lymph; virus becomes latent in nerve ganglia
Epidemiology: risk of shingles increases with age
Rubella is caused by…
rubella virus (RNA virus)
Rubella
Signs/symptoms:
Epidemiology:
Diagnosis:
Signs/symptoms: mild rash in children, arthritis in adults
Epidemiology: respiratory
Diagnosis: rash
Measles is caused by…
measles virus
Measles
Other name:
Signs/symptoms:
Pathogenesis:
Epidemiology:
Treatment:
Other name: Rubeola
Signs/symptoms: Koplik’s spots, rare possible brain problems
Pathogenesis: immune response to infected cells
Epidemiology: highly contagious, humans only hosts
Treatment: vitamin A, antibodies, vaccine to prevent
Erythema infectiosum has another name; what is it?
Fifth disease
If adults develop Fifth disease..
they may experience anemia and joint pain
Roseola
mild, endemic disease in kids
-caused human herpes virus
