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2 - Infection and Immunity > Skin Infections > Flashcards

Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is s.aureus, what is a virulence factor of it and what disease can it cause?

A

gram-positive cocci (appears purple)
PVL toxin (panto valetine leukocidin toxin - kills white cells)
causes angular cheilitis (inflammation at angles of mouth) and necrotising pneumonia

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2
Q

What are the two types of s.aureus?

A

methicillian sensitive s.aureus (MSSA)
methicillin resistant s.aureus (MRSA)

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3
Q

What is PVL and how does it work?

A

exotoxin released by s.aureus
once hits target cells, coalesces forms pores which release inflammatory mediators from target cells

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4
Q

What is clinical effect/disease of community aquired MRSA?

A

necrotising pneumonia

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5
Q

What can necrotising pneumonia present as?

A

recurrent skin infections (look like spider bites)

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6
Q

What type of bacteria is s.pyogenes, what is a virulence factor of it and what disease can it cause?

A

strep pyogenes (gram positive cocci)
superantigens and toxic shock syndrome (causes huge dysregulation of immune response)
cellulitis (skin infection in dermis)

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7
Q

What type of bacteria is strep.angiosus, what is a virulence factor of it and what disease can it cause?

A

gram positive cocci
intermedilysin (cytotoxin that leads to lysis of cells)
dental abcess

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8
Q

What type of bacteria is clostridium welchii, what is a virulence factor of it and what disease can it cause?

A

anaerobic gram-positive bacillus
alpha toxin (lecithinase - fatty acid that breaks down cell membranes)
gas gangarene

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9
Q

What test is used to confirm c.welchii?

A

nagler reaction
detects alpha toxin

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10
Q

What is gas gangrene called?

A

clostridial myonecrosis

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11
Q

What type of virus is herpes simplex group, what is a virulence factor of it and what disease can it cause?

A

DNA virus
virulence factor = cell lysis
herpes labialis (oral herpes)

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12
Q

What type of fungi is candida albicans, what is a virulence factor of it and what disease can it cause?

A

dimorphic oppurtunastic fungus
phospholipase (breaks down phospholipids)
oral thrush

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13
Q

What are examples of diseases that affect the epidermis?

What are their causes/clinical presentations?

A

impetigo and angular cheilitis
caused by staph aureus
presents as inflammation/ blistering

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14
Q

What is an exampleof disease that affects the dermis?

What is it’s cause/ presentation?

A

erysipelas
butterfly erythma of the face
group a strep (s. pyogenes)

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15
Q

What are examples of diseases that affect the hair follicles?

What are their causes/clinical presentations?

A

folliculitis (staph aureus, inflammation of individual follicles, pus involvement)

boils (furuncle) (staph aureus, larger inflammation, more pus)

carbuncles (staph aureus, multiple heads, inflammation, blistering)

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16
Q

What is an exampleof disease that affects the subcutaneous fat?

What is it’s cause/ presentation?

A

cellulitis
demarcation of erythema
strep pyogenes/ mixed infection

17
Q

What is an example of disease that affects the fascia?

causes/ presentation?

A

necrotising fascilitis
strep pyogens, staph aureus, mixed infection
inflammation, tissue necrosis, pus

18
Q

What is an example of disease that affects the muscle?

causes/ presentation

A

myonecrosis (gangrene)
clostridium welchii
black/purple skin, blood flow cut off

19
Q

What microorganisms cause bit wound infections in both humans/animals?

A
  • Humans – mixed anaerobes
  • Animals – Pasteurella multicoda
20
Q

What are the treatment prinicples for skin/tissue infections?

A
  • Diagnosis
  • Surgical debridement
  • Microbiological specimens
  • Antibiotics
  • Review
21
Q

When is surgical debridement used?

A

severe infection (abcess)

22
Q

How are microbiological specimens taken during surgical debridement?

A

aspirate of pus during draining

23
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat MSSA and what antibiotic is used to treat MRSA?

A

MSSA = flucloxacillin
MRSA = vancomycin

24
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat S.pyogenes and S.anginosus (dental alveolar infection)?

A

penicllin

25
Q

What is used to treat localised dental abcesses?

A

antibiotics do not cure acute pulpitis
only surgical treatment

26
Q

What is used to treat dental abscesses with systemic signs and symptoms?

A

Penicillin V (phenoxymethyl penicillin) and review

27
Q

What is used to treat severe odontogenic infections (SOI)?

A

IV Ben Pen and metronidazole

2 - Infection and Immunity (12 decks)

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