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Dermatology SB > Skin Immunology > Flashcards

Skin Immunology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are the components of the immune system

A

innate (non-specific)

adaptive (specific)

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2
Q

what is the innate immunity

A

no memory
non specific
first line

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3
Q

what is the adaptive immunity

A

memory
high specific e.g. antibodies
tolerance
self-limiting

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4
Q

what is hypersensitivity

A

over-reaction to antigen

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5
Q

what is immunodeficiency

A

infection not controlled

tumours may form

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6
Q

what is autoimmunity

A

react to host tissue

chronic inflammation

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7
Q

what is the keratin layer also known as

A

Stratum Corneum

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8
Q

what is keratinocytes (KC) role in the immune system

A

Sense pathogens via cell surface receptors and help mediate an immune response
Produce AMPs that kill pathogens
Produce cytokines and chemokines

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9
Q

what can go wrong with KC

A

KC activated by UV/sunlight and sensitisers e.g. allergic contact dermatitis
High levels of AMP in psoriasis cases

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10
Q

what are langerhans cells

A

APC characterised by Birbeck granule (tennis racket)

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11
Q

what are the role of langerhans cells

A
  • act as sentinels in the epidermis
  • process lipid Ag and microbial fragments and present them to effector T cells
  • activate T cells
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12
Q

what type of T cells are in a majority in the epidermis

A

CD8+ T cells

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13
Q

true or false - only CD8+ T cells are found in the dermis

A

false

both CD8+ and CD4+ cells are found in the dermis

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14
Q

what diseases are CD4+ T helper cells associated with

A

TH1 (psoriasis)
TH2 (atopic dermatitis)
TH17 (psoriasis and atopic dermatitis)

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15
Q

where are T cells produced

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

where are T cells sensitised

A

Thymus

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17
Q

what do Th1 cells do

A

Activate macrophages to destroy microorganisms

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18
Q

what do Th2 cells do

A

help B cells to make Ab

19
Q

what are Th cells derivates of

A

CD4+

20
Q

what are cytotoxic cells responsible for

A

killing infected cells directly

important protection against viruses and cancer

21
Q

what dendritic cells are found in the dermis

A

Dermal DC

Plasmacytoid DC

22
Q

what do dermal DC cells do

A

involved in Ag presenting

secreting cyto/chemokines

23
Q

what do plasmacytoid DC cells do

A

produce IFN alpha

24
Q

what are preformed mediators of mast cells

A

tryptase, TNF, histamine

25
Q

what is responsible for MHC

A

Chromosome 6

26
Q

what class of receptor is found on all cells

A

Class I

27
Q

what class presents to T helper cells

A

Class II

28
Q

what class of receptor is only found on APC

A

Class II

29
Q

what class presents endogenous Ag

A

Class I

30
Q

what class presents exogenous Ag

A

Class II

31
Q

what class presents to cytotoxic T cells

A

Class I

32
Q

what is MHC responsible for

A

Immunological recognition & transplant rejection.

Control the immune response through recognition of ‘self’ and ‘non-self’.

33
Q

in psoriasis, what does KC do under stress

A

release factors that stimulate pDC to produce IFNα

release IL-1β/IL-6 and TNF

34
Q

what happens after DC are activated

A

migrate to skin draining lymph node to present to and activate T cells

35
Q

T cells secrete interleukins in psoriasis - what happens next

A

Stimulates KC proliferation, AMP release and neutrophil-attracting chemokines

36
Q

what mutations are linked with atopic eczema

A

mutation in fillagrin gene

decrease in AMP in skin

37
Q

what are autoimmune skin diseases

A

psoriasis
vitiligo
SLE

38
Q

acquired immunodeficiency causes of skin disease

A

AIDS
Malignancy
Diabetes

39
Q

what antibody mediates Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

IgE

40
Q

what is the process of IgE allergy

A
  • exposure to allergen causes production of IgE
  • it binds to FceR1 receptor on MAST CELLS
  • later exposure, causes rapid cross linking of the receptors, signal transduction and DEGRANULATION of mast cells
41
Q

what antibodies mediated type II and III hypersensitivity

A

IgG

IgM

42
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is responsible for transplant rejection

A

Type II

43
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is an Arthus reaction

A

Type III

44
Q

what is type IV hypersensitivity

A

cell mediated Th1 cells

delayed hypersensitivity

Dermatology SB (11 decks)

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