Skin, Hair & Nails Ch. 12 Flashcards
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the epidermal layer of skin. Which of these statements would be included in the module? The epidermis is: A. thin and nonstratified. B. replaced every 4 weeks. C. thick and tough. D. highly vascular.
B. replaced every 4 weeks.
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the dermis layer of skin. Which of these statements would be included in the module? The dermis: A. contains sensory receptors. B. is replaced every 4 weeks. C. contains mostly fat cells. D. consists mostly of keratin.
A. contains sensory receptors.
The nurse is discussing epidermal appendages with a newly graduated nurse. Which of these would be included in the discussion? A. sweat glands B. arms C. skin D. parotid glands
A.Sweat glands
The nurse is examining a patient who tells the nurse, “I sure sweat a lot, especially on my face and feet but it doesn’t have an odor.” The nurse knows that this could be related to:
A. the eccrine glands.
B. a disorder of the stratum corneum.
C. the apocrine glands.
D. a disorder of the stratum germinativum.
a. the eccrine glands
During the aging process, the hair can look gray or white and begin to feel thin and fine. The nurse knows that this occurs because of a decrease in the number of functioning: A. metrocytes. B. fungacytes. C. phagocytes. D. melanocytes.
d. melanocytes
During an examination, the nurse finds that a patient has excessive dryness of the skin. The best term to describe this condition is: A. xerosis. B. pruritus. C. alopecia. D. seborrhea.
a. xerosis
A 22-year-old woman comes to the clinic because of a severe sunburn and states, “I was just out in the sun for a couple of minutes.” The nurse begins a medication review with her, paying special attention to which medication class?
A. Proton pump inhibitors for heartburn
B. Tetracyclines for acne
C. Thyroid replacement hormone for hypothyroidism
D. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain
B. tetracyclines for acne
A 13-year old girl is interested in obtaining information about the cause of her acne. The nurse would share with her that acne:
A. has been found to be related to poor hygiene.
B. is contagious.
C. is caused by a poor diet.
D. has no known cause
d. has no known cause
A 75-year-old woman who has a history of diabetes and peripheral vascular disease has been trying to remove a corn on the bottom of her foot with a pair of scissors. The nurse will encourage her to stop trying to remove the corn with scissors because:
A. the woman could be at increased risk for infection and lesions because of her chronic disease.
B. with her diabetes, she has increased circulation to her foot and it could cause severe bleeding.
C. with her peripheral vascular disease, her range of motion is limted and she may not be able to reach the corn safely.
D. she is 75 years old and is unable to see, so she puts herself at greater risk for self-injury with the scissors.
A. the woman could be at increased risk for infection and lesions because of her chronic disease.
A patient comes in for a physical, and she complains of "freezing to death" while waiting for her examination. The nurse notes that her skin is pale and cool and attributes this finding to: A. peripheral vasodilation. B. peripheral vasoconstriction. C. venous pooling. D. decreased arterial perfusion.
B. peripheral vasoconstriction.
A patient comes to the clinic and tells the nurse that he has been confined to his recliner chair for about 3 days with his feet down and he wants the nurse to evaluate his feet. During the assessment, the nurse might expect to find: A. distended veins. B. pallor. C. prolonged capillary filling time. D. coolness.
a. distended veins
A patient tells the nurse that he has noticed that one of his moles has started to burn and bleed. When assessing his skin, the nurse would pay special attention to the danger signs for pigmented lesions and would be concerned with which additional finding? A. symmetry of lesions B. color variation C. diameter less than 6 mm D. border regularity
b. color variation
A patient comes to the clinic and states that he has noticed that his skin is redder than normal. The nurse understands that this condition is due to hyperemia and knows that it can be caused by :
A. decreased amounts of bilirubin in the blood.
B. excess blood in the underlying blood vessels.
C. decreased perfusion to the surrounding tissues.
D. excess blood in the dilated superficial capillaries.
D. excess blood in the dilated superficial capillaries.
During a skin assessment, the nurse notices that a Mexican-American patient has skin that is yellowish-brown; however, the skin on the hard and soft palate is pink and the patient's scleras are not yellow. From this finding, the nurse could probably rule out: A. iron deficiency B. pallor C. cyanosis D. jaundice
d.jaundice
A patient has had a "terrible itch" for several months that he has been scratching continuously. On examination, the nurse might expect to find: A. keratosis. B. a fissure. C. lichenification D. a keloid.
C. lichenification
The nurse is assessing the skin of a patient who has AIDS and notices multiple patch-like lesions on the temple and beard area that are faint pink in color. The nurse recognizes these lesions as: A. Kaposi's sarcoma B. measles (rubeola) C. angiomas D. herpes zoster
a. kaposi’s sarcoma
The nurse is assessing for clubbing of the fingernails and would expect to find:
A. an angle of the nail base of 180 degrees or greater with a nail base that feels spongy.
B. curved nails with a cnvex profile and ridges across the nail.
C. a nail base that feels spongy with an angle of the nail base of 150 degrees.
D. a nail base that is firm and slightly tender.
A. an angle of the nail base of 180 degrees or greater with a nail base that feels spongy.
A patient tells the nurse that she is having a hard time brining her hand to her mouth when she eats or tries to brush her teeth. The nurse knows that for her to move her hand to her mouth, she must perform which movement? A. abduction B. adduction C. flexion D. extension
c.flexion
The nurse keeps in mind that a thorough skin assessment is very important because the skin holds information about a person’s:
A. psychological wellness.
B. circulatory status.
C. socioeconomic status.
D. support systems
circulatory status
loss of color
hypopigmentation
increase in color
hyperpigmentation
use of nonsterile equipment apply tattos increase the risk for ____.
hepatitis C
generalized change of color suggest ____.
what is the generalized changes?
systemic illness
cyanosis, pallor, jaundice
oily
seborrhea
dry
xerosis
itching
pruritus
pruritus occus with :
dry skin aging drug rxns allergies obstructive jaundice lice uremia
____ can exacerbate chronic skin illness.
stress
a significant loss
alopecia
shaggy or excessive hair
hirsutism
What do you want to know about changes in nails?
shape, color, brittleness. the nail bed!!
about 70% of teenagers have ___; psychological effect is more significant then the physical effect.
ance
cause is unknown. acne is not caused by poor diet, oly complexion or contagion.
____ is common in aging. bc ___ is due to dry skin (xerosis).
pruritus.
senile pruritus
the complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, body folds, and around orifices.
vitiligo
can occur in all races, although dark-skinned people are more severely affected and potentially suffer a greater threat to the body image.
What are the common benign pigmented areas?
freckles (ephelides)
Mole (nevus)
birthmarks
What is ABCDE?
Asymmetry Border irregularity Color variation Diameter greater then 6mm Elevation or Enlargement
what sign is expected with a fever?
erythema (intense redness of skin)
an increaase in the number of RBCs.
polycythemia
a yellowish skin color indicates rising amounts of?
bilrubin in the blood.
jaundice
Inspecting and Palpating the skin, you would look at ?
Color Tempature Moisture Texture Thickness Edema Mobility and Turgor Vascularity and Brusing Lesion
The tempature of the skin should be ___, and the tempature should be ____; warmth suggest normal circulatory status. ____ may be slighty cooler in a cool enviroment.
warm
equal bilaterally
handsand feet
be aware the dark skin may be normally look dry and flaky, but ____.
this does not necessarily indicate systemic dehydration
normal skin should feel ______.
smooth and firm, with even surface
skin feels smoother and softer like velvet.
hyperthyroidism
skin feels rough, dry and flaky
hypothyroidism
small (1 to 5 mm), smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that commonly appear on the trunk in all adults older than 30 yrs.
cherry (senile) angiomas (NORMAL)
under the wood’s light, lesions with blue-green fluorescence indicate___.
fungal infection
When inspecting and palpating the hair, you would look at?
Color
Texture
Distribution
Lesions
excessive body hair
hirsutism
Inspecting and Palpating the nails, you would look at?
shape and contour
consistency
color
What is the profile sign?
view the index finger at its profile and note the angle of the nail base; it should be at about 160 degrees.
clubbing of the nails occurs with what?
congenital cyanotic heart diease and neoplastic and pulmonary diease.
what is capillary refill?
depress the nail edge to blanch and then release, noting the return of the color. normally, color return is instant, or at least within a few seconds in a cold enviroment
