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Physical Diagnosis > Skin, Hair, Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

corn

A

flat, slightly elevated, circumscribed, painful lesions with smooth, hard surface

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2
Q

callas

A

superficial area of hyperkeratosis; on surfaces of feet and hands; not painful

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3
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

thickening of skin

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4
Q

Chloasma (aka melisma

A

areas of hyperpigmentation on face and neck associated with pregnancy or hormones; most common in women

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5
Q

Vitiligo

A

patches of pigmented skin or hair (white / pink splotches – hand

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6
Q

ecchymoses

A

discolorations produced by injury; NON-BLANCHABLE

• Bruise

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7
Q

petechie

A

discolorations produced by other causes (non-injury); smaller than 0.5 cm in diameter

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8
Q

purpura

A

discolorations produced by other causes (non-injury); larger than 0.5 cm in diameter
• Infection

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9
Q

telangiectasis

A

permanently dilated small vessels consisting of venules, capillaries, and arterioles; fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation
o Telangiectasia in rosacea
• Capillary spider: little masses of venules that refill erratically when blanched
• Spider angiomas: arterial and refill in organized way when blanched; red-central body (liver disease, vit D deficiency, idiopathic)

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10
Q

venous star

A

blush spider; does not blanch with pressure

• Cause: inc pressure in superficial veins

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11
Q

capillary hemangioma

A

red, irregular macular patches

• Cause: dilation of dermal capillaries

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12
Q

granuloma annulare

A

annular plaque on dorsa of hands or feet; annular = ring

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13
Q

intertriginous

A

areas where skin touch

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14
Q

keratinization

A

normal death of skin cells

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15
Q

macule

A

flat, circumscribed area; change in color; less than 1 cm

o Freckle, flat nevi, measles

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16
Q

papule

A

elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm

o Wart, elevated mole, lichen planus

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17
Q

patch

A

flat, non-palpable, irregular shaped; greater than 1cm

o Vitilgo, port-wine spots, Mongolian spots, café au lait patch

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18
Q

plaque

A

elevated, firm, and rough; greater than 1cm

o Psoriasis, seborrheic, and actinic keratosis

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19
Q

wheal

A

elevated, irregular shape area of cutaneous edema

o Insect bites, urticarial, allergic reaction

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20
Q

nodule

A

elevated, firm, circumscribed; deeper in dermis than papule; 1-2 cm in diameter
o Erythema nodosum, lipoma

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21
Q

tumor

A

elevated and solid; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2am diameter
o Neoplasm, benign tumor, lipoma

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22
Q

vesicle

A 
elevated, circumscribed, superficial; not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1cm
o	Varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster, shingles
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23
Q

bulla

A

vesicle greater than 1cm

o Blister, pemphigus vulgaris

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24
Q

pustule

A

elevated, superficial; similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid
o Acne, impetigo

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25
cyst
elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated; in dermis or subcutaneous; filled with liquid or semisolid material o Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne
26
scale
heaped up, keratinized cells, flaky skin, irregular, thick or thin; dry or oily; vary in size o Flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis or following drug reaction; dry skin - secondary
27
lichenification
rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching; on flexor surface of skin o Chromic dermatitis - secondary
28
keloid
irregular shape, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing - secondary
29
scar
think to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to dermis o Healed wound or surgical incision - secondary
30
excoriation
loss of epidermis, linear, hollowed out, crusted o Abrasion or scratch; scabies - secondary
31
fissure
linear cracks or breaks from epidermis to dermis; moist or dry o Athlete’s foot, cracks at corner of mouth - secondary
32
erosion
loss of part of epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of vesivle or bulla o Varicella, variola after rupture - secondary
33
ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis; concave; varies in size o Decubiti, stasis ulcers - secondary
34
crust
dried serum, blood, purulent exudates; slightly elevated; sizes vary o Scab on abrasion, eczema - secondary
35
atrophy
thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like o Striae, aged skin - secondary
36
alopecia
hair loss
37
hirsutism
growth of terminal hair in male distribution pattern on face, body and public area of women
38
habit-tic deformity
transverse groove in thumb nail from picking at it with index finger
39
clubbing
angle of nail base approached 180 or above (flat) | - Associated with variety of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, colitis, and thyroid disease
40
schamroth technique
patient places together nail (dorsal) surfaces of thumbs from rt and lt hands • Clubbed: diamond-shaped window disappears
41
splinter hemorrhage
longitudinal red or brown streaks | • Endocarditis, vaculitis, severe psoriasis, result of minor injury to proximal nail fold
42
leukonychia punctate
white spots on nail plate (common finding) • Results from cuticle manipulation or other mild trauma to nail matrix • Different from white streaks or bands (systemic disorder indicators)
43
anonychia
complete nail absence | • Congenital
44
acrocyanosis
cyanosis of hands and feet
45
cutis marmorata
transient mottling when infant is exposed to decreased temp (web of think red lines)
46
erythema toxicum
pink popular rash with vesicles superimposed on thorax, back, buttocks, and abdomen; may appear 24-48 hours after birth and resolve in several days
47
mongolian spots
irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation, usually in sacral and gluteal areas; predominantly seen in African, Native American, Asian, and Latin descents o Mistaken for bruises
48
salmon patches (stork bites)
flat, deep pink, localized areas usually seen on mid forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of neck o Typically go away in 5-10 yrs
49
vernix caseosa
whitish, moist, cheese-like substance covering infants
50
milia
small, whitish, discrete paules on face, commonly found in first 2-3 moths o Result of immature sebaceous glands; sebum plugs
51
sebaceous hyperplasia
numerous tiny, yellow macules and papules of forehead, cheeks, nose, and chin of full term infants o Likely due to androgen stimulation of mother; disappears in 1-2 months
52
Dennis-morgan fold
extra crease of skin below eye; caused by excessive rubbing | o Atopic dermatitis
53
causes of bald spots
- tinea capitis - ring worm of scalp o alopecia areata – hair falls out in round patches o trichotillomania - compulsive hair pulling o sleeping on back – can cause alopecia from pressure on occiput
54
solar lentigines
age spots
55
seborrheic keratosis
lg raised, pigmented lesions (non malignant)
56
actinic keratosis
red, scaly plaque on sun-exposed areas (precancerous)
57
melanoma
can be genetic and from skin tone / habits (vs. basal cell - not genetic)
58
faun tail nevus
tuft of hair overlying spinal column at birth | o Spinal bifida occulta
59
epidermal verrucous
warty lesions in linear or whorled pattern | o Skeletal, CNS, ocular abnormalities
60
cafe au lait macules
flat, evenly-pigmented spots (greater than 5mm); light brown to black o Neurofibromatosis, pulmonary stenosis, temporal lobe dysrhythmia, tuberous stenosis (if 6 or more of 5mmor greater diameter; less may be non-pathologic)
61
ash leaf macule
white macules on trunk, face, or limbs | o Tuberous sclerosis
62
facial port wine stain
o Ocular defects (glaucoma); cerebral cortex atrophy and calcification o Accompanied by angiomatous malformation of meninges = Sturge-Kalischer-Weber syndrome
63
port wine stain of limb or trunk
o Accompanied by varicosities and hypertrophy of underlying tissue, possible orthopedic problems (Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome)
64
supernumerary nipples
: congenital accessory nipples along mammary ridge | o Renal abnormalities
65
"hair collar" sign
ring of long, dark, course hair surrounding midline scalp nodule o Neural tube closure defects of the scalp
66
basal cell carcinoma
crusty sore that does not heal
67
sublungual hematoma
black nails due to blood underneath; painful
68
lyme disease
ticks cause; red rash in bulls eye shape (erythema migrants)
69
ring worm
fungal infection causing circular lesions
70
Wood's lamp
use to shine on skin in darkened room to view fluorescing, hypo or hyper pigmented lesions

Physical Diagnosis (6 decks)

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