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Physical Diagnosis > Skin, Hair, Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards

1
Q

corn

A

flat, slightly elevated, circumscribed, painful lesions with smooth, hard surface

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2
Q

callas

A

superficial area of hyperkeratosis; on surfaces of feet and hands; not painful

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3
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

thickening of skin

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4
Q

Chloasma (aka melisma

A

areas of hyperpigmentation on face and neck associated with pregnancy or hormones; most common in women

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5
Q

Vitiligo

A

patches of pigmented skin or hair (white / pink splotches – hand

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6
Q

ecchymoses

A

discolorations produced by injury; NON-BLANCHABLE

• Bruise

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7
Q

petechie

A

discolorations produced by other causes (non-injury); smaller than 0.5 cm in diameter

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8
Q

purpura

A

discolorations produced by other causes (non-injury); larger than 0.5 cm in diameter
• Infection

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9
Q

telangiectasis

A

permanently dilated small vessels consisting of venules, capillaries, and arterioles; fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation
o Telangiectasia in rosacea
• Capillary spider: little masses of venules that refill erratically when blanched
• Spider angiomas: arterial and refill in organized way when blanched; red-central body (liver disease, vit D deficiency, idiopathic)

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10
Q

venous star

A

blush spider; does not blanch with pressure

• Cause: inc pressure in superficial veins

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11
Q

capillary hemangioma

A

red, irregular macular patches

• Cause: dilation of dermal capillaries

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12
Q

granuloma annulare

A

annular plaque on dorsa of hands or feet; annular = ring

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13
Q

intertriginous

A

areas where skin touch

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14
Q

keratinization

A

normal death of skin cells

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15
Q

macule

A

flat, circumscribed area; change in color; less than 1 cm

o Freckle, flat nevi, measles

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16
Q

papule

A

elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm

o Wart, elevated mole, lichen planus

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17
Q

patch

A

flat, non-palpable, irregular shaped; greater than 1cm

o Vitilgo, port-wine spots, Mongolian spots, café au lait patch

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18
Q

plaque

A

elevated, firm, and rough; greater than 1cm

o Psoriasis, seborrheic, and actinic keratosis

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19
Q

wheal

A

elevated, irregular shape area of cutaneous edema

o Insect bites, urticarial, allergic reaction

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20
Q

nodule

A

elevated, firm, circumscribed; deeper in dermis than papule; 1-2 cm in diameter
o Erythema nodosum, lipoma

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21
Q

tumor

A

elevated and solid; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2am diameter
o Neoplasm, benign tumor, lipoma

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22
Q

vesicle

A 
elevated, circumscribed, superficial; not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1cm
o	Varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster, shingles
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23
Q

bulla

A

vesicle greater than 1cm

o Blister, pemphigus vulgaris

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24
Q

pustule

A

elevated, superficial; similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid
o Acne, impetigo

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25
Q

cyst

A

elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated; in dermis or subcutaneous; filled with liquid or semisolid material
o Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne

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26
Q

scale

A

heaped up, keratinized cells, flaky skin, irregular, thick or thin; dry or oily; vary in size
o Flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis or following drug reaction; dry skin
- secondary

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27
Q

lichenification

A

rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching; on flexor surface of skin
o Chromic dermatitis
- secondary

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28
Q

keloid

A

irregular shape, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing
- secondary

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29
Q

scar

A

think to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to dermis
o Healed wound or surgical incision
- secondary

30
Q

excoriation

A

loss of epidermis, linear, hollowed out, crusted
o Abrasion or scratch; scabies
- secondary

31
Q

fissure

A

linear cracks or breaks from epidermis to dermis; moist or dry
o Athlete’s foot, cracks at corner of mouth
- secondary

32
Q

erosion

A

loss of part of epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of vesivle or bulla
o Varicella, variola after rupture
- secondary

33
Q

ulcer

A

loss of epidermis and dermis; concave; varies in size
o Decubiti, stasis ulcers
- secondary

34
Q

crust

A

dried serum, blood, purulent exudates; slightly elevated; sizes vary
o Scab on abrasion, eczema
- secondary

35
Q

atrophy

A

thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like
o Striae, aged skin
- secondary

36
Q

alopecia

A

hair loss

37
Q

hirsutism

A

growth of terminal hair in male distribution pattern on face, body and public area of women

38
Q

habit-tic deformity

A

transverse groove in thumb nail from picking at it with index finger

39
Q

clubbing

A

angle of nail base approached 180 or above (flat)

- Associated with variety of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, colitis, and thyroid disease

40
Q

schamroth technique

A

patient places together nail (dorsal) surfaces of thumbs from rt and lt hands
• Clubbed: diamond-shaped window disappears

41
Q

splinter hemorrhage

A

longitudinal red or brown streaks

• Endocarditis, vaculitis, severe psoriasis, result of minor injury to proximal nail fold

42
Q

leukonychia punctate

A

white spots on nail plate (common finding)
• Results from cuticle manipulation or other mild trauma to nail matrix
• Different from white streaks or bands (systemic disorder indicators)

43
Q

anonychia

A

complete nail absence

• Congenital

44
Q

acrocyanosis

A

cyanosis of hands and feet

45
Q

cutis marmorata

A

transient mottling when infant is exposed to decreased temp (web of think red lines)

46
Q

erythema toxicum

A

pink popular rash with vesicles superimposed on thorax, back, buttocks, and abdomen; may appear 24-48 hours after birth and resolve in several days

47
Q

mongolian spots

A

irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation, usually in sacral and gluteal areas; predominantly seen in African, Native American, Asian, and Latin descents
o Mistaken for bruises

48
Q

salmon patches (stork bites)

A

flat, deep pink, localized areas usually seen on mid forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of neck
o Typically go away in 5-10 yrs

49
Q

vernix caseosa

A

whitish, moist, cheese-like substance covering infants

50
Q

milia

A

small, whitish, discrete paules on face, commonly found in first 2-3 moths
o Result of immature sebaceous glands; sebum plugs

51
Q

sebaceous hyperplasia

A

numerous tiny, yellow macules and papules of forehead, cheeks, nose, and chin of full term infants
o Likely due to androgen stimulation of mother; disappears in 1-2 months

52
Q

Dennis-morgan fold

A

extra crease of skin below eye; caused by excessive rubbing

o Atopic dermatitis

53
Q

causes of bald spots

A
  • tinea capitis - ring worm of scalp
    o alopecia areata – hair falls out in round patches
    o trichotillomania - compulsive hair pulling
    o sleeping on back – can cause alopecia from pressure on occiput
54
Q

solar lentigines

A

age spots

55
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

lg raised, pigmented lesions (non malignant)

56
Q

actinic keratosis

A

red, scaly plaque on sun-exposed areas (precancerous)

57
Q

melanoma

A

can be genetic and from skin tone / habits (vs. basal cell - not genetic)

58
Q

faun tail nevus

A

tuft of hair overlying spinal column at birth

o Spinal bifida occulta

59
Q

epidermal verrucous

A

warty lesions in linear or whorled pattern

o Skeletal, CNS, ocular abnormalities

60
Q

cafe au lait macules

A

flat, evenly-pigmented spots (greater than 5mm); light brown to black
o Neurofibromatosis, pulmonary stenosis, temporal lobe dysrhythmia, tuberous stenosis (if 6 or more of 5mmor greater diameter; less may be non-pathologic)

61
Q

ash leaf macule

A

white macules on trunk, face, or limbs

o Tuberous sclerosis

62
Q

facial port wine stain

A

o Ocular defects (glaucoma); cerebral cortex atrophy and calcification
o Accompanied by angiomatous malformation of meninges = Sturge-Kalischer-Weber syndrome

63
Q

port wine stain of limb or trunk

A

o Accompanied by varicosities and hypertrophy of underlying tissue, possible orthopedic problems (Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome)

64
Q

supernumerary nipples

A

: congenital accessory nipples along mammary ridge

o Renal abnormalities

65
Q

“hair collar” sign

A

ring of long, dark, course hair surrounding midline scalp nodule
o Neural tube closure defects of the scalp

66
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

crusty sore that does not heal

67
Q

sublungual hematoma

A

black nails due to blood underneath; painful

68
Q

lyme disease

A

ticks cause; red rash in bulls eye shape (erythema migrants)

69
Q

ring worm

A

fungal infection causing circular lesions

70
Q

Wood’s lamp

A

use to shine on skin in darkened room to view fluorescing, hypo or hyper pigmented lesions

Physical Diagnosis (6 decks)

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