Skin, Hair, & Nails

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of skin?

Answer 1

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

Question 2

What are some of the functions of the skin?

Answer 2

Protection, prevents penetration, perception, temp. regulation, identification, communication, wound repair, absorption and excretion, production of Vit. D

Question 3

What are the 4 different skin pigments?

Answer 3

melanin, carotene, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin

Question 4

What is vitiligo?

Answer 4

Depigmentaton, absence, of melanin in patchy areas, face/neck/hands/feet/body folds around orifices

Question 5

erythema

Answer 5

RED skin color change due to excess blood in superficial capillaries

Question 6

cyanosis

Answer 6

blue skin

Question 7

Jaundice is due to…

Answer 7

increased bilirubin levels, liver damage

Question 8

Criteria for describing skin lesions:

Answer 8

color, elevation, pattern/shape, size, location, exudate, effect of pressure, primary or secondary

Question 9

confluent lesions

Answer 9

run together

Question 10

zosteriform

Answer 10

linear along nerve root

Question 11

Secondary lesions

Answer 11

result from changes in primary lesions

Question 12

macule

Answer 12

only color change, <1cm, flat, non-palpable, freckle

Question 13

papule

Answer 13

can feel it, solid, elevated, superficial thickening of epidermis, mole or wart

Question 14

plaque

Answer 14

elevated solid mass, >1cm, psoriasis

Question 15

nodule

Answer 15

elevated, solid, hard or soft masses, may extend deeper into dermis than papule, fibroma

Question 16

wheal

Answer 16

superficial, irregular shape, elevated, transient, erythematous, mosquito bite/allergic reaction/ hives

Question 17

urticaria

Answer 17

hives, wheals come together, form extensive reaction, very itchy

Question 18

tumor

Answer 18

> 2cm, solid, elevated mass, firm or soft, deeper into dermis, benign or malignant

Question 19

vesicle

Answer 19

elevated cavity with free fluid, herpes simplex, early varicella

Question 20

bulla

Answer 20

superficial, serous filled, ruptures easily - blisters, burns

Question 21

pustule

Answer 21

pus filled, circumscribed, elevated

Question 22

cyst

Answer 22

encapsulated, fluid-filled cavity, located at dermis or subcutaneous layer

Question 23

fissure

Answer 23

linear crack, abrupt edges, athlete’s foot

Question 24

erosion

Answer 24

scooped out, shallow depression, superficial, no bleeding, heals w/o scar

Question 25

ulcer

Answer 25

deeper depression than erosion, irregular shape, may bleed, leaves scar- pressure sore

Question 26

excoriation

Answer 26

self-inflicted abrasion, superficial, cometimes crusted, intense scratching- insect bites, varicella

Question 27

scar

Answer 27

result of repaired skin lesion, normal tissue lost, replaced with connective tissue.

Question 28

atrophic scar

Answer 28

tissue depressed below skin level

Question 29

keloid scar

Answer 29

raised dark scar, more common in dark skin

Question 30

ecchymosis

Answer 30

bruise

Question 31

purpura

Answer 31

extensive patch of petechiae & ecchymosis

Question 32

petechiae

Answer 32

tiny hemorrhages, pinhead size

Question 33

hematoma

Answer 33

elevated bruise

Question 34

mature skin/ lentigines

Answer 34

small, flat, brown macules, occur in older individuals - from excessive sun exposure

Question 35

nevus

Answer 35

birthmark or mole

Question 36

seborrheic keratosis

Answer 36

skin tags

Question 37

actinic keratosis

Answer 37

sun spots - can be pre-cancerous

Question 38

contact dermatitis

Answer 38

caused by exposure to chemical irritant or allergen “rash” can be erythematous, confluent papules, vesicles, edema, on exposed skin.

Question 39

psoriasis

Answer 39

thickened, scaling, sharply demarcated lesions, non-pruritic, silvery scales.

Question 40

herpes zoster

Answer 40

shingles

Question 41

pattern injury

Answer 41

associated with abuse, shape suggests what caused it

Question 42

tinea corporis/pedis

Answer 42

ringworm of body/foot

Question 43

Things to note when inspecting hair

Answer 43

color, texture, distribution

Question 44

Things to note when examining nails

Answer 44

shape and contour, consistency, color

Question 45

lanugo

Answer 45

fine, soft hair covering infant or newborn’s body