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Health Assessment > Cardiovascular Part A > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Part A Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the heart wall?

A

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

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2
Q

What are some subjective data health history questions?

A

chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea, cough, fatigue, cyanosis and pallor, edema, nocturia, cardiac history, family cardiac history, personal habits (cardiac risk factors)

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3
Q

What are some additional history questions/observations that will be asked of children?

A

growth as expected, ability to keep up with other students, any unexplained joint pain/fever, frequent headaches, nosebleeds, frequent respiratory infections, sibling with heart defect/chromosomal abnormalities

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4
Q

What other additional health history questions will be asked aside from the normal questions?

A

Pregnancy: HTN during pregnancy, faintness/dizziness with pregnancy
Aging adult: known heart/lung disease, meds taken for that disease, environment

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5
Q

What are the four different heart chambers?

A

R. Atrium
L. Atrium
R. Ventricle
L. Ventricle

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of heart valves and their subtypes?

A
  1. Atrioventricular (AV)
    • Tricuspid
    • Mitral
  2. Semilunar
    • Pulmonic
    • Aortic
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7
Q

What are some important factors of a patient’s past medical history?

A
  • Heart disease: arrhythmias, pacemaker, CHF
  • Other medical Hx: hypertension, vascular disease
  • Procedures: cardiac surgery, arterial bypass
  • Misc.: birth defects, unexplained fevers
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8
Q

What are some factors that increases the risk for heart disease?

A

HTN, Smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, psychosocial, alcohol use, physical inactivity, consumption of fruits/veggies, menopause, diabetes mellitus.

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9
Q

What is homocysteine?

A

An amino acid produced by the body.

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10
Q

Which type of cholesterol is most associated with cardiac problems?

A

LDL

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11
Q

What are some social factors associated with cardiac health?

A 
Smoker?
Typical diet, fast food
IV drug use
Exercise- How much?
Stress Levels: Causes, Coping
Obesity
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12
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Shortness of breath (SOB)

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13
Q

What is a bruit?

A

Blowing, swooshing sound indicating blood flow turbulence.

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14
Q

Name 3 parts to examining the neck vessels.

A
  1. Carotid Pulse assessment
  2. Inspection of Jugular Veins
  3. Detect distention
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15
Q

In what position should a patient be when examining the Jugular Venous Pressure?

A

Supine - raise HOB gradually until jugular pulsations are visible.

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16
Q

What is the NORMAL height of JVP (jugular venous pressure) measurements?

A

Less than 2 cm

Anything greater than this is distention.

17
Q

What is JVP?

A

Jugular Venous Pressure: The vertical distance above the level of the heart that the jugular vein pulsates. BP in the jugular vein.

18
Q

What are the steps to examining the Great Vessels (heart)?

A

-Inspect: chest wall, pulses, cyanosis, nail clubbing
-Palpate: borders, thrills
-Papate PMI (point of max. impulse) No more than
1 ICS (intercostal space).
-Carotid Pulses: rate, rhythm, strength, symmetry
Amplitude of 2+ is NORMAL.
-Auscultation: heart sounds, murmurs, bruits
-Percussion

19
Q

What are important things to note when listening to S1 and S2 heart sounds?

A

Pitch, intensity, duration, timing of cardiac cycle, quality, location, radiation of any sound.

20
Q

Where is the S1 sound heard the loudest?

A

Over mitral and tricuspid areas.

APEX of heart S1>S2.

21
Q

Where is the S2 sound heard the loudest?

A

Over aortic and pulmonic area.

BASE of heart S2>S1.

22
Q

What part of stethoscope is used to listen to heart sounds?

A

Bell.

23
Q

When listening to vessels using the bell, what is important in terms of direction of listening?

A

Listen bilaterally.

24
Q

What does the mnemonic device APE To Man stand for?

A 
A: Aortic
P: Pulmonic
E: Erb's point
T: Tricuspid
M: Mitral
25
Q

What is the S1 heart sound?

A

(lub) closure of AV valves. Mitral and Tricuspid valves.

26
Q

What is the S2 heart sound?

A

(dub) closure of semilunar valves. Aortic and Pulmonic.

27
Q

With what does S1 coincide?

A

Carotid artery pulse

28
Q

When does systole occur?

A

After S1 to before S2 - Ventricles contract

29
Q

When does diastole occur?

A

Follows S2 to before S1 - Ventricles relax, atria contract.

30
Q

What are some common cardiac symptoms in infants?

A

Split S2 sound, murmurs, general coloration, S4 often audible.

31
Q

What are some common cardiac symptoms in young children?

A

Split S2 sound, murmurs, symptoms during exam, S4 often audible.

32
Q

What are some common cardiac symptoms in pregnant women?

A

Increased heart rate, BP varies w/ position, edema, heart position varies.

33
Q

What are common cardiac symptoms in the elderly?

A

Slower pace, lower periph. more difficult, BP tends to increase.

34
Q

What are some hemodynamic changes associated with aging?

A

Increased systolic BP
L. Ventricular wall thickness
decreased ability of heart to augment CO with exercise
Ectopic beats

35
Q

What is the direction of blood flow through the heart?

A

R. Atrium => R. Ventricle => Pulmonary artery => Lungs => Pulmonary veins => L. Atrium =>
L. Ventricle

Health Assessment (7 decks)

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