Skin Hair Nails Flashcards
4 layers of epidermis
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum germinativum
Are attached to hair follicles and, therefore, are present over most of the body, excluding the soles and palms.
They secrete an oily substance called sebum that waterproofs the hair and skin.
Sebaceous glands
Two types of sweat glands
Apocrine glands
Eccrine glands
Sweat glands that are located over the entire skin, secretion of swear and thermoregulation
Eccrine glands
associated with hair follicles in the axillae, perineum, and areolae of the breast.
Small and non functional until puberty and when activated, they secrete a milky sweat
Apocrine glands
develops within sheath of epidermal cells.
Hair follicle
2 types of hair
Vellus hair (peach fuzz)
Terminal hair (particularly scalp and eyebrows)
loss of color
Pallor
appear blue-tinged, especially in the
perioral, nail bed, and conjunctival area.
Cyanosis
yellow skin tones – seen in the sclera,
oral mucosa, palms, and soles.
Jaundice
darkening of skin in body folds and creases, especially neck, groin, and axilla. Hyperpigmentation
Acanthosis nigricans
result from cardiopulmonary
problem.
Central cyanosis
skin redness and warmth—seen in
inflammation, allergic reactions, or trauma.
Erythema
called malar rash, across the
bridge of the nose and cheeks.
Butterfly rash
arise from normal skin due to irritation or disease.
Primary lesion
arise from changes in primary lesion.
Secondary lesion
reddish-bluish lesions, are seen with bleeding, venous pressure, aging, liver disease, or pregnancy.
Vascular lesion
can be either primary or secondary lesion and are classified as SSC, BCC, or malignant melanoma.
Cancerous lesion
rough, flaky, dry.
Hypothyroidism
typical in shock or hypotension.
Clammy skin
facial hair on females.
Hirsutism
Small, flat, nonpalpable skin color change. less than 1cm with a circumscribed border.
MACULE
Small, flat, nonpalpable skin color change. are greater than 1 cm, and may have an irregular border.
Patches
2 types of Elevated, palpable, solid mass.
Papules - have a circumscribed and are less than
0.5 cm.
Plaques - are greater than 0.5 cm and may be
coalesced papules with a flat top.
Elevated, solid, palpable mass that extends deeper into dermis than a papule.
Nodule and tumor
Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid.
Vesicle and bullas
Elevated mass with transient borders that are often irregular. Size and color vary. Caused by movement of serous fluid in the dermis.
Wheal
Bluish or red lesion with varying shape (spider-like or linear) found on the legs and anterior chest.
TELANGIECTASIS (VENOUS STAR)
Red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches. It is usually noted on the face, neck, arms, and trunk.
Spider angioma
Spoon-shaped nails that may be seen with trauma to cuticles or nail folds or in iron deficiency anemia, or endocrine, or cardiac disease.
Koilonychia
White coating or urea crystals or skin deposits
- White powdery substance
Umeric frost
Ecchymosis, bluish to purplish discoloration, bruising on the flanks
Grey turner sign
- Overgrowth of scar tissues
Keloid
- Raised itchy rash that appears in the skin
- Caused by allergic reaction, histamine
Urticaria
inflamed lesion that is red, tender and hard
Papule
large, inflamed lesion that is filled with white or yellow pus (also called pimples)
Pustule
large, inflamed lesion that forms under the skin and is filled with pus.
Cyst
flat and non-elevated; e.g., freckles, hemangioma, vitiligo
Macule
red elevated lesion; e.g., psoriasis
Papule
pus-filled; e.g., acne
Pustule
localized skin edema; e.g., insect bite, rash, urticarial
Wheal
fluid-filled; e.g., shingle herpes, chicken fox
Vesicles
