Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards
types of sweat glands
- eccrine = open directly into skin
- apocrine = open into hair follicles
fitzpatrick scale
- light, pale white ALWAYS burns, never tan, red heads
- white, fair, USUALLY burns, difficult tan
- medium, white/olive, MILD burn, gradually tan to olive
- olive, moderate brown, RARELY burns, tans with ease
- brown, dark brown, VERY RARELY burns, tan very easily
- black, very dark brown/black, NEVER burns, tans very easy, deeply pigments
I and II high risk for cancer
brown
cutaneous color change
darkening of melanin pigment
distributed generally
liver or adrenal disease
white
cutaneous color change
absence of melanin
general or local
i.e. albinism, vitiligo
red
cutaneous color change
inc cutaneous blood flow
local or general
i.e. inflammation, urticaria
yellow
cutaneous color change
inc bile pigmentation/jaundice
generalized
liver disease
blue
cutaneous color change
inc unsaturated hemoglobin secondary to hypoxia
@lips, mouth, nail beds
i.e. cardiovascular and pulm disease
most concerning color
violaceous
cutaneous color change
damage to blood vessels or extravasation of blood into skin
localized
i.e. vasculitis, bruising
pallor
dec blood flow (fainting, arterial occlusion)
less hemoglobin (anemia)
see @conjuctava of eye or mucous membranes, fingertips
lesion shapes
- linear= poison ivy
- clustered = shingles
- geographic = hives
- serpiginous = hook worm
- annular = ring worm
- reticular = viral illness
flat lesions
primary
- macule (less than 1 cm, clear borders)
- patch (irregular shape, greater than 1 cm)
elevated lesions
primary
- papule (circumscribed, less 1 cm)
- plaque (firm, rough, greater 1 cm)
- wheal (swollen, irregular, any size)
- nodule (firm, circumscribed, deeper in dermis, 1-2 cm)
- tumor (solid, deeper in dermis, greater 2 cm)
fluid filled lesions
primary
- vesicle (elevated, circum, superficial, less 1 cm, serous fluid)
- bulla (elevated, circum, serous filled, greater 1 cm)
- pustule (elevated, superficial, pus filled, usually less 1 cm)
- cyst (elevated, circum, encapsulated, liquid or semisolid filled)
burrow
primary
slightly raised tunnel in epidermis
i.e. scabies, itchy at night, will have someone in household w/ similar symptoms
secondary lesions types
- scale - cradle cap, accum keratitinzed cells
- lichenification- excessively rough/thick skin
- crust- scabs, dried serum, blood, exudates, elevated
- scar- thin/thick fibrous tissue from injury
- keloid- hypertrophic scarring from xs collagen formation beyond borders
- excoriation- loss of dermis, linear, hollowed out or crusted, from too much scratching
- fissure- linear crack from epidermis to dermis, athletes foot
- erosion- loss of superficial epidermis, most, depressed,
- ulcer- deeper loss of epidermis and dermis, concave
- atrophy- thinning of skin surface + loss of usual markings, stretch marks
