Skin hair nails Flashcards
striae
vitiligo
autoimmune disorder
causes white patches of skin all over the body
at risk for sunburns and self image problems
primary lesion
flat small macules
appear after sun exposure
scar
go through old carts
onset
location
duration
character
aggravating or alleviating
related symptoms
treatment
severity
lupus erythematosus
butterfly rash
a. cyanosis- associated with oxygen deficiency
b. Jaundice-associated with hepatic dysfunction
c. acanthosis nigicans - associated with diabetes
skin color variations
no intervention needed
striae
vitiligo
moles(Nevi)
freckles
birthmarks
scars
abnormal skin color
you will want to follow up on these
pallor
cyanosis
erythema
jaundice
to palpate for moisture what side of the hand do you use
dorsal
when assessing texture and thickness of skin what do you look for
even skin that is thick normally. think skin could be a sign
assessing edema
what is edema
edema- accumulation of fluid seeping into the tissue
swelling
1+- mild pitting, sl. indentation
2+- moderate pitting, dent subsides quickly
3+- deep pitting, dent remains a short period
4+ very deep pitting, dent lasts a long time
to check use two fingers. press in the skin and any edema your finger mold will stay
when you check skin turgor what do you do to check it and where
do over bony area most likely the clavicle. if you can pinch skin that is good
can check clavical, lower ar, abdomen
skin lesions we document by
s.s.c.c.c.l
size
shape
characteristics
color
configuration
location
what size of lesion is ok
6mm
distribution of lesions
a. diffuse/generalized (hives)
b. scattered- aging
c. localized- allergic reaction
d. regional head (ringworm)
e. regional torso
f. extensor surfaces- psoriasis (rough scaley patches)
g. dermatome- shingles
h. hairy areas - pediculosis (lice)
i. intertriginous areas -( folds of skin) diaper rash contact dermatitis
j. sun exposed areas - skin cancers
what type of configuration
what is it seen in
linear
seen in herpes and poison oak
what type of configuration
annular (circular)
ex ringworm
ring shaped
what type of configuration
grouped
ex- herpies simplex
what type of configuration
discrete
lesions that remain separate and apart are common in many skin disorders ex- moles (nevi), acne, skin tags
what type of configuration
nummular
size of a coin
what type of configuration
confluent
discrete but then runs into hives -ex hives
most commonly detected skin cancers
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
maliginant melanoma
basal cell carcinoma
caused by sun exposure
look for a silver pearlly boarder
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma
avascular if caught at first
spreads rapid
A B C D E of early signs of skin cancer
Asymmetry
Boarder
Color
Diameter
Elevation and evolution
melanoma
macule, patch
circular small flat spot less than 0.5 cm in diameter.
red brown or white in color
example- freckle
papule or plaque
examples- moles and psoriasis
papule- a solid elevated spot that appears rough in texture and measures less than 0.5 cm in diameter
nodule or tumor
example- fatty lipoma
solid elevated and palpable
wheal or urticaria(hives)
raised swelling, red bumps, or welts and itchy skin
red in color normally caused by allergic reaction
vesicle or bulla
ex- herpes simplex
raised round or oval with serous blood or clear fluid measuring less than 0.5 cm
cyst
elevated and filled with fluid 1 cm or larger
pustule
ex- acne
raised vesicle filled with pus
infection is the primary cause
secondary skin lesions
fissure
keloid
erosion
keloid
secondary lesion
begine excess cell growth from scar tissue
senile (cherry) angiomas
associated with aging
spider angioma
spider veins
get from standing too long
telangiectasia
ex-rosacea
pernmant dilation wont turn with with blanching
small dilated blood vessels
petechiae
look like small red dots all over
assume bleeding disorder
ruptured capillaries
ecchymosis
vascular lesion
see with blood thinners
bruise caused by bleeding as a result of local trauma
hematoma
an elevated collection of clotted blood within the tissue caused by a break in a blood vessel
how is ringworm treated
antifungal creams or oral medication
fungus on the outer layer of skin
diaper dermatitis is from
candidiasis
treat this with fungal
warts (verrucae)
caused by a virus
erosion
angioedema
caused by ace inhibitors end with pril
anaphylaxis
apocrine sweat glan
genetial area
eccrine sweat gland
odorless
what is it called when someone pulls out their hair
alopecia
decrease in oxygen
cyanosis
clubbing is associated with what and what degree
180 and copd , hypoxeia
normal nail curve
160
curved nail
160 or less
newborns and infants have what kind of skin
smooth and thin
skin may appear mottled
acrocyanosis
vernix
lanugo
acrocyanosis
blue hands and feet for newborns
vernix
white cheezy look on newborns
lanugo
dark hair on back of newborn
adolescents and children skin is
tighter bond with dermis
smooth texture
apocrine glands begin to respond
older adult
hyperpigmentation
skin becomes thinner
dry skin common
jaundace first noticed in
oral mucas membrane
2nd sclera
3rd skin
associated with liver disease
