Skin Glands

Question 1

What are the 2 basic types of skin glands

Answer 1

1) Sebaceous glands
2) Sweat glands
-Eccrine
-Apocrine

Question 2

Skin glands are modifications of the epidermis that originate from which germ layer?

Answer 2

Ectoderm

Question 3

Describe the structure and function of sebaceous glands?

Answer 3

Have a lobbed (acinar) structure
Produce a fatty/oily sebum (lanolin in sheep) which waterproofs hair and has antimicrobial functions

Question 4

Give example of named sebaceous glands

Answer 4

Circumoral glands (cats)
Carpal glands (cats and pigs)
Tail glands (cats and dogs)
Anal sac glands (cats and dogs)
Glands of the infraorbital pouch (sheep)
Horn glands (goats)
Preputial glands (boars)
Glands of inguinal pouch (sheep - odour helps lambs find udder)

Question 5

Apocrine and eccrine are 2 types of sweat glands. What are there functions?

Answer 5

Apocrine sweat glands - discharge albuminous (protein rich) sweat into hair follicles over most of body

Eccrine sweat glands - discharge more watery sweat directly onto the ski. Generally found in areas of naked skin (ie footpads of dogs)

Question 6

What is the difference between Apocrine secretion and Merocrine secretion?

Answer 6

Apocrine sweat glands - Apocrine secretion
Vesicles pinch off from cells to secrete packets of cell membrane and cytoplasm

Eccrine sweat glands - Merocrine secretion
Exocytosis. Cell vesicles fuse with membrane to discharge its contents and NO part of the cell is lost

Question 7

True or False
Mammary glands are found in all species

Answer 7

False
Mammary glands are unique to mammals

Question 8

True or False
Mammary glands are a type of Apocrine gland.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Colostrum

Answer 9

First milk rich in antibodies for immune transfer

Question 10

What are the 2 main components of the mammary glands

Answer 10

The body (mammae) and teat

Question 11

What kind of cells are used to produce milk?

Answer 11

Milk is produced by mammary cuboidal epithelial cells lining alveoli.
Alveoli is grouped into lobules separated by adipose tissue.

Question 12

What is the name of the muscle cells that surround alveoli in mammary glands

Answer 12

Myoepithelial cells.

They help to push milk out alveolus

Question 13

Where is milked stored in the mammary gland?

Answer 13

Lactiferous sinus

Question 14

What is the purpose of the smooth muscle sphincter at the teat orifice

Answer 14

Prevents milk leakage and bacteria entry

Question 15

What influences milk “let down”

Answer 15

Hormones and suckling

Question 16

True or False
There is NO milk duct crossover between the ‘quaters’

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the name of the transition between the gland sinus and teat sinus?

Answer 17

Mucosal fold

Question 18

When are mammary glands fully functional?

Answer 18

ONLY at the height of lactation

Question 19

Name the sweat glands in birds

Answer 19

Birds DONT have sweat glands. Instead, they lose heat through skin and respiratory evaporation (panting)

Question 20

Name the 3 discrete sebaceous glands in birds

Answer 20

Aural gland
Vent gland
Preen gland (some species of bird lack preen gland)

Question 21

What glands are found in reptiles?

Answer 21

They hardly have any skin glands
Some scent glands found at the vent in some lizards and snakes.
Many lizards have femoral pores.

Question 22

What skin glands are found in ferrets?

Answer 22

NO skin glands (or very poorly developed) s risk of hyperthermia
They have widely distributed sebaceous glands in skin. They also have anal glands

Question 23

Name the glands found in gerbils and hamsters

Answer 23

Flank scent glands (hamsters)
Ventral glands (hamsters and gerbils)

Question 24

Name the 3 types of scent glands found in rabbits

Answer 24

Chin glands (scent marking)
Inguinal glands (either side of genital opening)
Anal glands

Question 25

What glands do fish have?

Answer 25

They ONLY have mucus glands