Common Integument

Question 1

Define the common integument

Answer 1

It the outer barrier of the organism (not just the skin)

Question 2

Name the 3 main layers that make up the common Integument.

Answer 2

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis (subcutaneous tissue)

Question 3

The common Integument includes modified skin structures such as…

Answer 3

Hair/hair follicles
Skin glands (including mammary glands)
Footpads
Nails/claws/hooves
Horns and antlers

Question 4

What is the subcutis and name its 3 main functions.

Answer 4

Subcutaneous tissue (subcutis) is loose connective tissue between the skin and muscle fascia. It contains adipose tissue.

Functions include
Energy resource
Insulation
Padding/protection

Question 5

What are Cutaneous muscles

Answer 5

Thin, interrupted sheets spread over the body in the subcutis.

Question 6

The name of the Cutaneous muscles depend on its location.
Name the 6 types of cutaneous muscle?

Answer 6

Platysma
Frontalis
Cutaneous colli
Cutaneous trunci
Cutaneous omobrachialis
Preputial muscles

Question 7

Platysma

Answer 7

Cutaneous muscles over face and neck

Question 8

Frontalis

Answer 8

Cutaneous muscles over the frontal bone (not in horses)

Question 9

Cutaneous Colli

Answer 9

Cutaneous muscles spread over sternum and up neck

Question 10

Cutaneous trunci

Answer 10

Cutaneous muscles spread over the side of the trunk (not in humans)

Question 11

Cutaneous Omobrachialis

Answer 11

Continuation of the Cutaneous trunci over the shoulder and arm (ruminants and horses)

Question 12

Preputial muscles

Answer 12

Cutaneous muscles connecting ventral midline to prepuce (pigs, carnivores and ruminants)

Question 13

Cutis

Answer 13

Composed of dermis and epidermis

Question 14

What is the dermis made up of?

Answer 14

Fibrous connective tissue
-Collagen fibres
-Elastin fibres

Question 15

What are Tension or Langer’s lines

Answer 15

Collagen fibres in the dermis that are orientated in particular ways.

Question 16

Name 6 structures found in the dermis

Answer 16

Blood and lymphatic vessels
Nerves
Hair follicles
Arrector pilli muscles
Sebaceous and sweat glands
Sensory receptors

Question 17

What are the functions of the common Integument

Answer 17

Protection
Sensing environment
Immune defense
Selective permeability
Thermoregulation
Communication/camouflage
Storage/excretion

Question 18

What are the names of the 3 germ layers that form in gastrulation

Answer 18

Ectoderm (top)
Mesoderm (middle)
Endoderm (bottom)

Question 19

What organs will develop from each of the 3 germ layers?

Answer 19

Ectoderm - Epidermal and neural cells
Mesoderm - Musculoskeletal system connective tissues organs and blood
Endoderm - lining of gut respiratory system and out-pouchings (ie liver and pancreas)

Question 20

What are Somites?

Answer 20

Blocks of tissue that are formed from the mesoderm

Question 21

What is a dermatome?

Answer 21

Segment of dermis derived from 1 semite and thus innervated by a single spinal nerve

Question 22

The dorsal branches of the spinal nerve generally supply the ………. ………. ………… innervating the dorsal body skin

Answer 22

Dorsal cutaneous nerves

Question 23

The central branch of the spinal nerve supplies the ……. and …….. ……. ………. innervating the ventral and lateral body skin.

Answer 23

Ventral and lateral cutaneous nerves

Question 24

What are Autonomous Zones

Answer 24

Non-overlapping regions supplied by a single nerve

Question 25

Which parts of the common Integument are develop from each germ layer?

Answer 25

Ectoderm - the epidermis including nails hair follicles and glands.
Melanocytes form from neural Crest cells in the ectoderm

Mesoderm - the dermis and subcutis

Question 26

Define neuralation

Answer 26

Formation of the neural tissue