Common Integument Flashcards
Define the common integument
It the outer barrier of the organism (not just the skin)
Name the 3 main layers that make up the common Integument.
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis (subcutaneous tissue)
The common Integument includes modified skin structures such as…
Hair/hair follicles
Skin glands (including mammary glands)
Footpads
Nails/claws/hooves
Horns and antlers
What is the subcutis and name its 3 main functions.
Subcutaneous tissue (subcutis) is loose connective tissue between the skin and muscle fascia. It contains adipose tissue.
Functions include
Energy resource
Insulation
Padding/protection
What are Cutaneous muscles
Thin, interrupted sheets spread over the body in the subcutis.
The name of the Cutaneous muscles depend on its location.
Name the 6 types of cutaneous muscle?
Platysma
Frontalis
Cutaneous colli
Cutaneous trunci
Cutaneous omobrachialis
Preputial muscles
Platysma
Cutaneous muscles over face and neck
Frontalis
Cutaneous muscles over the frontal bone (not in horses)
Cutaneous Colli
Cutaneous muscles spread over sternum and up neck
Cutaneous trunci
Cutaneous muscles spread over the side of the trunk (not in humans)
Cutaneous Omobrachialis
Continuation of the Cutaneous trunci over the shoulder and arm (ruminants and horses)
Preputial muscles
Cutaneous muscles connecting ventral midline to prepuce (pigs, carnivores and ruminants)
Cutis
Composed of dermis and epidermis
What is the dermis made up of?
Fibrous connective tissue
-Collagen fibres
-Elastin fibres
What are Tension or Langer’s lines
Collagen fibres in the dermis that are orientated in particular ways.
Name 6 structures found in the dermis
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Nerves
Hair follicles
Arrector pilli muscles
Sebaceous and sweat glands
Sensory receptors
What are the functions of the common Integument
Protection
Sensing environment
Immune defense
Selective permeability
Thermoregulation
Communication/camouflage
Storage/excretion
What are the names of the 3 germ layers that form in gastrulation
Ectoderm (top)
Mesoderm (middle)
Endoderm (bottom)
What organs will develop from each of the 3 germ layers?
Ectoderm - Epidermal and neural cells
Mesoderm - Musculoskeletal system connective tissues organs and blood
Endoderm - lining of gut respiratory system and out-pouchings (ie liver and pancreas)
What are Somites?
Blocks of tissue that are formed from the mesoderm
What is a dermatome?
Segment of dermis derived from 1 semite and thus innervated by a single spinal nerve
The dorsal branches of the spinal nerve generally supply the ………. ………. ………… innervating the dorsal body skin
Dorsal cutaneous nerves
The central branch of the spinal nerve supplies the ……. and …….. ……. ………. innervating the ventral and lateral body skin.
Ventral and lateral cutaneous nerves
What are Autonomous Zones
Non-overlapping regions supplied by a single nerve
Which parts of the common Integument are develop from each germ layer?
Ectoderm - the epidermis including nails hair follicles and glands.
Melanocytes form from neural Crest cells in the ectoderm
Mesoderm - the dermis and subcutis
Define neuralation
Formation of the neural tissue
