skin devt and neural tube formation

Question 1

upper layer of skin

Answer 1

periderm

Question 2

basal layer division
- forms _____ layer
- _____ layer becomes ______ layer (accumulates keratin)
- _____ layer becomes ________________ (dead keratinized cells)

Answer 2

spinous layer
granular layer
stratum corneum

Question 3

epidermal turnover
8 weeks: _______ layer to _________
2 weeks: cells remain in ______________

Answer 3

basal
stratum corneum
stratum corneum

Question 4

abnormal shedding

Answer 4

psoriasis

Question 5

hair formation requires __________ induction

Answer 5

mesodermal/mesenchymal

Question 6

Cranial neural crest: Develops from _____________

Answer 6

rhombomeres

Question 7

Genetic disorder causing various defects in the neural crest cells

Answer 7

catch-22 syndrome

Question 8

NCC location

Answer 8

Cranial
Trunk
Vagal and sacral
Cardiac

Question 9

what is catch-22

Answer 9

C-cardiac defect
A-abnormalities in the face
T-thymic hypoplasia
C- cleft palate, immune
deficiency (parathyroid defects)
H- hypocalcemia
Deletions in chromosome 22

Question 10

the
presumptive neural tissue induced by the prechordal plate and
notochord during gastrulation.

Answer 10

neural plate

Question 11

neural plate involutes into the body to form the _________, the precursor of the ___________ —the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 11

neural tube
CNS

Question 12

what will become of the ectoderm (2)

Answer 12

epidermis
neural plate

Question 13

outer layer of the skin

Answer 13

epidermis

Question 14

The cells of the neural crest ________ from these epithelia at the dorsal midline and migrate away (between the neural tube and epidermis) to generate, among other things, the ________ and ________

Answer 14

delaminate
PNS and melanocytes

Question 15

processes by which the three ectodermal regions are made physically and functionally distinct from one another is called _________, and an embryo undergoing these processes is called a __________

Answer 15

neurulation
neurula

Question 16

High levels of BMP specify the cells to become ________. Very low levels specify the cells to become ________\

Answer 16

epidermis
neural plate

Question 17

three major domains of ectoderm

Answer 17

the surface ectoderm (primarily epidermis), the neural crest (peripheral neurons, pigment, facial cartilage),
and the neural tube (brain and spinal cord).

Question 18

movement of neural plate to the inner part of the embryo and form a neural tube

Answer 18

neurulation

Question 19

process

the cells surrounding the plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate into thebody, and separate from the surface ectoderm to form an underlying hollow tube

Answer 19

primary neurulation

Question 20

process
the neural tube arises from the aggregation of mesenchyme cells into a solid cord that subsequently forms cavities that coalesce to create a hollow tube

Answer 20

secondary neurulation

Question 21

Formation of the neural tube in this transition zone has been named

Answer 21

junctional neurulation

Question 22

neural tube closure defects (3)

Answer 22

Failure to close the posterior neuropore
- spina bifida

Failure to close site 2 or site 3 in the rostral neural tube keeps the anterior neuropore open, resulting in a usually lethal condition
- anencephaly

The failure of the entire neural tube to close over the body axis
- craniorachischisis.

Question 23

Failure to close the posterior neuropore

Answer 23

spina bifida

Question 24

Failure to close site 2 or site 3 in the rostral neural tube keeps the anterior neuropore open, resulting in a usually lethal condition

Answer 24

anencephaly

Question 25

The failure of the entire neural tube to close over the body axis

Answer 25

• craniorachischisis