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Bill and Jos SPII > Skin conditions > Flashcards

Skin conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific name for rain scald and how does it infect the cow?

A

Dermatophilosis

There needs to be initial skin damage before the pathogen can enter then needs mositure

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2
Q

What will you see with a rain scald infection?

A

Exudative epidermatitis followed by scab and crust formation and alopecia
Animals are not itchy

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3
Q

How can you diagnose and treat rain scald?

A

History of wet weather
Stained smear of scab and skin biopsies
Treatment includes parenteral antibiotics penicillin and oxytet

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4
Q

What are the common ways abscesses are formed?

A

Dirty needles and injections during wet weather

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5
Q

What should you do if you see an abscess forming on a cow?

A

Generally don’t cause pain

Incise, drain and flush with hose

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6
Q

What is the main cause of cellulitis in cattle and how does it cause it?

A

Truperella pyogenes
Penetrating wounds
Very painful

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7
Q

A cow has developed submandibular swelling. What are some of you differentials?

A

Actinomyces bovis- lumpy jaw

Actinobacillus- Woody tongue

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8
Q

What is black spot or black pox and where does it occur?

A

Necrotic lesion at the teat end from bacterial infection

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9
Q

What are the causes of black spot and common isolates?

A

High vacuum and over milking

Staph aureus and fusobacterium necrophorum

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10
Q

How do you treat black spot?

A

Tie up the back leg first because this is going to be a painful procedure
Open teat end and introduce antibiotics
Disinfect the teat

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11
Q

Should you incise or stick needles into haematomas?

A

Not if you don’t need to because it can harbour infection and turn into an abscess
If the cow cant walk you have to do something but otherwise just leave it

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12
Q

What is the significance of ringworm in dairy cattle?

A

Caused by a fungus trichophyton and cattle become infected when they come into contact with fences and gates etc that have the fungus
No real clinical significance and spontaneous recovery

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13
Q

What is papillomatosis and how can you treat it?

A

Caused by bovine papilloma virus mainly in cattle

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14
Q

How is papillomatosis spread?

A

Few ways including direct contact with infected cow or fomites
Flies and lice

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15
Q

What kind of lesions does bovine papular stomatitis cause?

A

Shallow to slightly raised papules on the MM and may coalesce
Only superficial lesions unlike FMD

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16
Q

Is there a zoonotic risk for bovine papular stomatitis?

A

Yes, can get painful nodular skin lesions

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17
Q

How is bovine papular stomatitis spread?

A

Suckling calves or milking machines

18
Q

What do pseudocowpox lesions look like and where are they located?

A

Horse shoe shaped papules on the teats and rarely the udder

19
Q

Is there any significance of pseudocowpox in a herd?

A

Little inconvenience and often overlooked

Mechanical transfer by milking so will go through the herd most likely

20
Q

What signs and lesions are seen with bovine herpes mammillitis?

A

Oedema of teats, vesicle formation and scab formation

Post-oedema results in gangrenous look about the teat

21
Q

What herpes virus cauases mammillitis and pseudo lumpy skin disease?

A

Bovine herpesvirus 2

Pseudo lumpy skin disease is in Aust but lumpy skin is not

22
Q

Can a tick infestation cause hair loss?

A

Yes because it is extremely itchy and the cows rub up against and scratch on anything they can

23
Q

What are the three most important ticks?

A

Ixodes holocyclus- paralysis tick
Haemaphysalis longicornis- bush tick
Rhipicephalus sanguineus- brown dog tick

24
Q

What does buffalo fly affect in cows?

A

Reduced weight gain and lower milk yield which also means lower weight gain in suckling calves
Also carries a nematode

25
Q

What will be seen in an infestation of buffalo flies?

A

Tail swishing, head shaking and rubbing of the shoulders and flanks

26
Q

Should you try to prevent buffalo fly?

A

No, don’t try to use chemicals prophylactically, wait until you have a real problem and use different products so resistance doesn’t bulid up

27
Q

Does Aust have a lot of lice sp?

A

One biting louse- bivicola
Two or three sucking louse
Spread by direct contact

28
Q

What is chorioptic mange?

A

Thickening of skin at base of tail and diagnosed by skin scrapings

29
Q

What are stephanofilaria?

A

Small nematodes that are carried by buffalo fly and live in a cyst at the base of a hair follicle

30
Q

What is myiasis?

A

Blow fly that can blow living tissue being found in wounds

31
Q

What are the signs of myiasis?

A

Irritation and signs of septicaemia later on

32
Q

Are SCC common in cattle?

A

Yes in Herefords and Holstein fresians

Usually non-pigmented areas

33
Q

What will you see with copper deficiency?

A

Coat colour lightens
‘Spectacles’ in angus cows
Fractures of long bones also associated

34
Q

What will you see with cobalt deficiency?

A

Poor growth rate and wasting as well as fragile hairs

35
Q

What will you see with zinc deficiency?

A

Loss of hair, thickened skin and MCJs

36
Q

How does photosensitisation occur?

A

Primary- ingestion of photodynamic agent

Secondary- liver damage –> can no longer get rid of phytoporphyrin

37
Q

Where are the most common lesions for photosensitisation?

A

Non-pigmented skin with small amount of hair and exposed to sunlight

38
Q

What are some signs of photosensitisation?

A

Erythema, oedema, irritation, photophobia, shade seeking and standing in water
Can have intense pain

39
Q

What are two plants that have been associated with secondary photosensitisation?

A

Green oats and turnips

40
Q

What is swedes-induced hepatic photosensitisation?

A

Disease in NZ that not much is known about?

41
Q

What significance dose pale knotweed and Prince’s feather have?

A

CAuses acute liver failure/necrosis leading to secondary photosensitisation after the plant is hot and dry for a period of time

42
Q

How can you treat photosensitisation?

A

Identify and remove the hepatotoxin

Give shade and antihistamines if early in disease

Bill and Jos SPII (4 decks)

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