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Bill and Jos SPII > Rearing young stock > Flashcards

Rearing young stock Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the only functional stomach at birth of a calf?

A

Abomasum

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2
Q

What is a ruminal drinker and what are the signs?

A

Left distension
Milk entering the rumen and being fermented by the flora
Signs include ill-thrift, pot bellied, poor hair coat etc
Pasty faeces or fluid like

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3
Q

What is the treatment for a ruminal drinker?

A

Get them off milk ASAP and on to a good quality forage or compound feed

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4
Q

What causes rumenitis and how?

A

Left distension
F. necrophorum
Trichobezoar from excessive licking of coat

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5
Q

What causes a rumen impaction and how is it treated?

A

Left Distension
Fibre def or ingestion of bedding that has accumulated in rumen
Treat by putting calf back on milk or a high quality forage

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6
Q

What does right sided abdominal distension normally mean in calves?

A

If it occurs with out left sided distension then it is most likely an acute problem with the abomasum

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7
Q

What is the difference between temporary tympany and tympany that causes atony?

A

Temporary- overgrowth of gas producing bacteria

Atony- Abomasum can become displaced

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8
Q

What is abomasal bloat caused by in calves?

A

Abomasal dilatation that happens when the start eating solid food

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9
Q

What are the features of abomasal bloat syndrome?

A

pH of the abomasum is much higher than normal which allows bacteria to multiply rapidly

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10
Q

What are some things that contribute to abomasal bloat in calves?

A

Poor milk hygiene
Cold milk or milk replacer
Intermittent feeding of large volumes

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11
Q

How can you relieve the signs of abomasal bloat in a calf?

A

Drain the abomasum with stomach tube
Calf laying on its left side with its head down
Flush stomach with an electrolytes solution

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12
Q

What can cause bilateral abdominal distension?

A

Abomasal ulcers

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13
Q

When do abomasal ulcers appear and what signs will you see?

A

2-3wo when they start eating solid food

Rarely signs occur but if they do it will be abdo pain fever inappetance etc

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14
Q

What are some predisposing factors for navel ill

A

Poor colostrum management
Unhygienic calving
Poor housing and dirty trailers for transport

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15
Q

What signs might you see in a calf that is navel ill

A

Ill thrift, dull and possible systemic signs like joint ill

May have a localised abscess

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16
Q

Are you able to treat a navel ill calf?

A

Treat with penicillin for early or mild cases but may need surgical intervention if there is a large abscess

17
Q

What does oral necrobacillosis indicate?

A

Poor hygiene

18
Q

What are the signs of oral necrobacillosis?

A

Fever dribble and foul breath

Swelling on the cheek normally indicates food impacted between cheek and teeth

19
Q

How do you treat oral necrobacillosis?

A

Isolate the infected calf don’t let it share equipment with the others and treat with penicillin for 2-5days

20
Q

Should you breed from animals that had an umbilical hernia?

A

No it is likely hereditary

If smaller than 5cm they normally heal on their own

21
Q

What is bovine neonatal pancytopaenia and what causes it?

A

Emerging disease of calves

Antibodies in the colostrum possibly linked to a BVD vaccine attack the bone marrow cells of the calf

22
Q

What will you see in a calf with bovine neonatal pancytopaenia ?

A

Wide spread bleeding from a thrombocytopaenia
Fever
Secondary infections
Massive neutrophilia with left shift

23
Q

What is the main aim of rearing young stock?

A

Have heifers calving at 2 years of age

24
Q

What are the targets of heifers to get them to calve at 2yo?

A

55% of adult BW at mating at 15m

90% of adult BW at calving at 24m

25
Q

How often should new born calves be collected?

A

Ideally 2-3 times a day

26
Q

What are the general principles with colostrum?

A

Should be given in the first hour of life because calves can only absorb IgG for the first few hours

27
Q

What is the optimum amount of IgG that should be consumed and in what time period?

A

100g of IgG by 6hrs old

28
Q

What are the optimal readings on a Brix refractometer for colostrum?

A

22% for the first feed

18-21% for second and third feeds

29
Q

What are two things you can test in a calf to check that it has had adequate colostrum?

A

Blood test for IgG

GGT in serum- 700IU/L for 2-7day old calves

30
Q

What is the only functioning stomach in the calf?

A

Abomasum

31
Q

What is rumen development stimulated by and how do you make the transition to weaner feed

A

Development is stimulated by solid feed
Must have 18-20% protein with more compound feed than forage
Can be weaned when consuming 1kg/hd/day of compound feed

32
Q

What are some ideal aspects of a calf rearing pen?

A

Draught free but well ventilated
dry bedding and drained floors
Floor to roof division

Bill and Jos SPII (4 decks)

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