Skin Conditions 2

Question 1

Epidemiology of burns

Answer 1

• 80% of minor burns occur in the home
• 63% on hands and arms
• 34% face and legs
• frequent in children under 5 and adults over 64

Question 2

Nonpharm treatment of burns

Answer 2

• cool moisture
• cleansing
• non-adherent dressing

Question 3

Pharm treatment of burns

Answer 3

• oral pain meds

- topical/external anesthetics (caution: hypersensitivity rxns); ointments, creams, lotions, aerosols

Question 4

Misc Pharm treatment for burns

Answer 4

• topical hydrocortisone
• antimicrobials
• aloe vera (no proven benefit)

Question 5

When to consult HCP for burn

Answer 5

• mod-severe burn
• > 2% of BSA
• involves eyes, ears, face, neck, hands, feet, joints, genitals
• chemical, electrical, or inhalation burns
• elderly diabetic or immunocompromised
• not healing after 5 days
• infection

Question 6

epidemiology of Acne

Answer 6

50 mil americans

• 85% aged 15-24
• more prev in caucasian and people whose parents both had it

Question 7

contributing factors of Acne

Answer 7

• cause unknown
• increased hormone prod
• increased sebum prod
• accelerated growth and colonization of skin bacteria

Question 8

Etiology of burns

Answer 8

• thermal
• electrical
• chemical
• sunburns

Question 9

pathophys of burns

Answer 9

• superficial 1st degree
• superficial partial thickness - 2nd degree
• deep partial thickness
• full thickness 3rd degree

Question 10

Acne exacerbating factors

Answer 10

• environmental/physical; humidity, irritation, dirt
• cosmetics; oil based
• emotional; severe stress
• hormonal; pre-menstrual “flare-up”, ovulatory, contraceptives
• certain Rx meds
• picking and squeezing

Question 11

Acne treatment

Answer 11

• long term, continuous and consistent therapy

- control, not sure

Question 12

When is self treatment appropriate

Answer 12

• non-inflamm, mild to mod

- improvement seen after 6 or less weeks

Question 13

Nonpharm therapy for Acne

Answer 13

• cleanse to remove sebum 2x daily with warm water and unmedicated soap
• can use cleansing pads
• avoid pumice

Question 14

Benzoyl Peroxide how to use

Answer 14

• small amount lowest concentration apply to clean skin
• use 1-2x daily
• may increase strength weekly

Question 15

Benzoyl peroxide effects and warnings

Answer 15

• stinging/burning
• drying, peeling, redness, swelling
• may bleach
• avoid sources of irritation

Question 16

Benzoyl peroxide active effect

Answer 16

• prevent closure of duct

- may be antibacterial

Question 17

Salicylic acid active effect

Answer 17

prevent excess skin shedding and unclogs pores, anti inflam

Question 18

Salicylic Acid effects

Answer 18

similar to benzoyl peroxide but will not bleach

Question 19

Sulfur active effect

Answer 19

• promote resolution of comedones

- may worsen though if used too often

Question 20

Sulfur effects

Answer 20

similar to salicylic acid but yellow in color and unpleasant odor

Question 21

Sulfur-Resorcinol Combo

Answer 21

• increased effects of sulfur

- caution: forms dark brown scale on darker skinned indiv

Question 22

Adapalene active effect

Answer 22

-thought to normalize skin cell keratinization/turnover (reduces comedones) and is antiinflam

Question 23

Adapalene how to use

Answer 23

• thin film at bedtime
• use at least 12 weeks
• similar side effects to salicylic acid

Question 24

Alpha Hydroxy acids how to

Answer 24

-creams and lotions applied 2-3x daily

Question 25

Alpha Hydroxy Acid active effect

Answer 25

-reducing skin cell stick and promoting more efficient cell removal

Question 26

Symptoms of Rosacea

Answer 26

• sensitivity to touch
• face reddening
• enlarged BVs
• solid red papules or pustules

Question 27

Rosacea aggravating factors

Answer 27

• alcohol, hot drinks, spicy food
• smoking
• overexposure to sunlight
• friction
• irritating cosmetics

Question 28

Treatment of rosacea

Answer 28

need Rx

Question 29

Pathophys of poison plants

Answer 29

• hypersensitivity rxn to urushiol
• occurs within 24-48 hours
• lasts from 1 to 4 weeks

Question 30

Symptoms of contact dermatitis from plants

Answer 30

• reddened, intensely itchy patches on affected exposed areas of the body
• formation of vesicels
• scratching can lead to spread, open sores, and infection

Question 31

Preventative methods for contact dermatitis

Answer 31

• avoid plant
• ivy block (15 mins before exposure every 4 hours)
• protective clothing

Question 32

Nonpharm treatment for contact dermatitis

Answer 32

• wash with mild soap and cool water within 5-10 mins
• no scrubbing
• trim fingernails
• wash exposed clothing, tools, and pets

Question 33

Zanfel for contact derm

Answer 33

soap mixture that binds with urushiol to prevent rash formation

Question 34

Hydrocortisone for contact derm

Answer 34

• relieve itching and inflam
• apply 3-4 times a day for no more than 7 days
• warnings: skin atrophy, aggravation of current skin infections

Question 35

Topical anesthetics for contact derm

Answer 35

• decrease itching and protect area from injury and infection
• up to 3-4x daily
• warning: hypersensitivity rxns

Question 36

astringents for contact derm

Answer 36

• calamine, witch hazel
• promote drying and reduce inflammation
• soaks or compress
• aids in cleansing
• Cautions: cakes on skin, excessive drying of skin

Question 37

When to see an HCP for contact derm

Answer 37

• symptoms become worse
• widespread rash
• infection