Skin Conditions 2 Flashcards
Epidemiology of burns
- 80% of minor burns occur in the home
- 63% on hands and arms
- 34% face and legs
- frequent in children under 5 and adults over 64
Nonpharm treatment of burns
- cool moisture
- cleansing
- non-adherent dressing
Pharm treatment of burns
- oral pain meds
- topical/external anesthetics (caution: hypersensitivity rxns); ointments, creams, lotions, aerosols
Misc Pharm treatment for burns
- topical hydrocortisone
- antimicrobials
- aloe vera (no proven benefit)
When to consult HCP for burn
- mod-severe burn
- > 2% of BSA
- involves eyes, ears, face, neck, hands, feet, joints, genitals
- chemical, electrical, or inhalation burns
- elderly diabetic or immunocompromised
- not healing after 5 days
- infection
epidemiology of Acne
50 mil americans
- 85% aged 15-24
- more prev in caucasian and people whose parents both had it
contributing factors of Acne
- cause unknown
- increased hormone prod
- increased sebum prod
- accelerated growth and colonization of skin bacteria
Etiology of burns
- thermal
- electrical
- chemical
- sunburns
pathophys of burns
- superficial 1st degree
- superficial partial thickness - 2nd degree
- deep partial thickness
- full thickness 3rd degree
Acne exacerbating factors
- environmental/physical; humidity, irritation, dirt
- cosmetics; oil based
- emotional; severe stress
- hormonal; pre-menstrual “flare-up”, ovulatory, contraceptives
- certain Rx meds
- picking and squeezing
Acne treatment
- long term, continuous and consistent therapy
- control, not sure
When is self treatment appropriate
- non-inflamm, mild to mod
- improvement seen after 6 or less weeks
Nonpharm therapy for Acne
- cleanse to remove sebum 2x daily with warm water and unmedicated soap
- can use cleansing pads
- avoid pumice
Benzoyl Peroxide how to use
- small amount lowest concentration apply to clean skin
- use 1-2x daily
- may increase strength weekly
Benzoyl peroxide effects and warnings
- stinging/burning
- drying, peeling, redness, swelling
- may bleach
- avoid sources of irritation
Benzoyl peroxide active effect
- prevent closure of duct
- may be antibacterial
Salicylic acid active effect
prevent excess skin shedding and unclogs pores, anti inflam
Salicylic Acid effects
similar to benzoyl peroxide but will not bleach
Sulfur active effect
- promote resolution of comedones
- may worsen though if used too often
Sulfur effects
similar to salicylic acid but yellow in color and unpleasant odor
Sulfur-Resorcinol Combo
- increased effects of sulfur
- caution: forms dark brown scale on darker skinned indiv
Adapalene active effect
-thought to normalize skin cell keratinization/turnover (reduces comedones) and is antiinflam
Adapalene how to use
- thin film at bedtime
- use at least 12 weeks
- similar side effects to salicylic acid
Alpha Hydroxy acids how to
-creams and lotions applied 2-3x daily
Alpha Hydroxy Acid active effect
-reducing skin cell stick and promoting more efficient cell removal
Symptoms of Rosacea
- sensitivity to touch
- face reddening
- enlarged BVs
- solid red papules or pustules
Rosacea aggravating factors
- alcohol, hot drinks, spicy food
- smoking
- overexposure to sunlight
- friction
- irritating cosmetics
Treatment of rosacea
need Rx
Pathophys of poison plants
- hypersensitivity rxn to urushiol
- occurs within 24-48 hours
- lasts from 1 to 4 weeks
Symptoms of contact dermatitis from plants
- reddened, intensely itchy patches on affected exposed areas of the body
- formation of vesicels
- scratching can lead to spread, open sores, and infection
Preventative methods for contact dermatitis
- avoid plant
- ivy block (15 mins before exposure every 4 hours)
- protective clothing
Nonpharm treatment for contact dermatitis
- wash with mild soap and cool water within 5-10 mins
- no scrubbing
- trim fingernails
- wash exposed clothing, tools, and pets
Zanfel for contact derm
soap mixture that binds with urushiol to prevent rash formation
Hydrocortisone for contact derm
- relieve itching and inflam
- apply 3-4 times a day for no more than 7 days
- warnings: skin atrophy, aggravation of current skin infections
Topical anesthetics for contact derm
- decrease itching and protect area from injury and infection
- up to 3-4x daily
- warning: hypersensitivity rxns
astringents for contact derm
- calamine, witch hazel
- promote drying and reduce inflammation
- soaks or compress
- aids in cleansing
- Cautions: cakes on skin, excessive drying of skin
When to see an HCP for contact derm
- symptoms become worse
- widespread rash
- infection
