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2500 > skin conditions > Flashcards

skin conditions Flashcards

1
Q

leukonychia strata

A

these are the normal white marks on our nails from scratching, dents, etc.
can be linear markings in dark skinned people

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2
Q

mongolian spot

A

hyperpigmentation usually found on the buttocks or sacrum; normal

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3
Q

erythema toxicum

A

rash that appears 3-4 days after birth; normal; will go away on its own

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4
Q

acrocyanosis

A

blue color around lips, hands, feet, and nails; a cyanosis condition

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5
Q

cutis marmorata

A

mottling of the skin due to cold; red or blue; cyanosis condition

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6
Q

jaundice vs carotenemia

A

jaundice: yellow skin due to liver dysfunction
carotenemia: yellow-orange colored skin due to ingestion of large amounts of carotene (often found in infant foods)

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7
Q

milia

A

small, white papules on cheeks of infants

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8
Q

storkbite

A

aka salmon patch; flat, irregular, red patch on infant; forehead, eyelid, upper lip, or back of neck

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9
Q

acne

A

in adolescents; buildup of sebum; includes blackheads (open comedones) or whiteheads (closed comedones)

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10
Q

senile lentigines/liver spots

A

flat, brown macules; appear on sun exposed areas

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11
Q

keratoses

A

raised, scaly lesions that look warty

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12
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

dark, greasy, stuck on; kind of look like dark, scaly moles

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13
Q

actinic keratosis

A

resembles squamous cell carcinoma; red, scaly plaques on sun-exposed surfaces

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14
Q

acrochordons

A

skin tags

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15
Q

sebaceous hyperplasia

A

resembles basal cell carcinoma; raised papules with central depression

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16
Q

macule + patch

A

macules are color changes on epidermis

patches are macules <1cm

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17
Q

papule + plaque

A

palpable (elevated and solid); extend into dermis

plaque is a papule >1cm (psoriasis)

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18
Q

nodule + tumor

A

solid and elevated; extends farther into dermis than papule (>1cm)
tumor (neoplastic growth) is a nodule more than a few centimeters big; malignant or benign

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19
Q

wheal + urticaria

A

red, raised, irregular shape due to inflammation (mosquito bite)
urticaria: hives; merged wheals that are very itchy

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20
Q

vesicle + bulla

A

= blister; elevated (epidermis) cavity filled with fluids; <1cm; herpes simplex
bulla: single chambered vesicle (in epidermis) filled with fluid; thin walled; burns, friction blisters; >1cm

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21
Q

cyst + pustule

A

encapsulated cavity filled with fluid; in dermis or subcutaneous layer
pustule: cavity filled with fluid; acne

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22
Q

primary lesions

A

macule, patch, bulla, vesicle, urticaria, wheal, tumor, nodule, plaque, papule, cyst, pustule
occur due to breaking of intact skin

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23
Q

secondary lesions

A

crust, scales, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, scar, atrophic scar, keloid, lichenification
occurs due to changes to primary lesions (like scratching, picking…)

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24
Q

crust

A

dried out exudate when vesicles/pustules burst

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25
Q

scale

A

skin flakes due to shedding of excess keratin

psoriasis

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26
Q

fissure

A

crack that extends into dermis

athlete’s foot

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27
Q

erosion

A

scooped out, shallow depression in epidermis; no bleeding; heals without scar

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28
Q

ulcer

A

deep and irregular depression extending into dermis; leaves scar
pressure ulcer/sore

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29
Q

excoriation

A 
self inflicted (scratching, itching); in epidermis
scratching insect bites, scabies
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30
Q

scar

A

CT (collagen) replaces skin tissue after healing

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31
Q

atrophic scar

A

depression of skin level; thinning of epidermis

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32
Q

lichenification

A

thickening of skin due to intense scratching

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33
Q

keloid

A

elevated scar

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34
Q

pressure ulcer

A

1: localized redness; skin intact; will blanch
2: erosion
3: crater extends into dermis and subcutaneous tissue
4: exposure of muscle, tendon, and/or bone; can include slough (stringy matter on wound) or eschar (black necrotic tissue)

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35
Q

hematoma

A

palpable bruise; can be due to crying or coughing (increased pressure)

36
Q

contusion (bruise)

A

patch of capillaries that bleed into tissues

red, purple, blue-green, yellow

37
Q

port wine stain

A

a hemangioma; flat, red, macular patch on face (cranial nerve V)
present at birth and does not fade

38
Q

strawberry hemangioma

A

raised, bright red area; goes away on its own

immature

39
Q

cavernous hemangioma

A

red-blue irregular blood vessel mass

40
Q

telangiectasia

A

appearance of blood vessels on skin surface

due to vasodilation

41
Q

spider or star angioma

A

red marking with a solid, circular center; radiation of spiderlike ‘legs’

42
Q

venous lake

A

blue-purple dilation of veins or capillaries

43
Q

purpuric lesions

A

blood flows out of broken vessels and red pigment is deposited in the tissue
petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis

44
Q

petichiae

A

very small hemorrhages that do not blanch

45
Q

purpura

A

big patch of merged petechiae and ecchymoses

46
Q

ecchymosis

A

purplish patch from blood entering skin

47
Q

diaper dermatitis

A

red patch in diaper area

48
Q

intertrigo (candidiasis)

A

scalding red, moist patches with demarcated borders
candida fungus (superficial)
in genital area

49
Q

impetigo

A

thin-walled vesicles that crust when burst; highly contagious

50
Q

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A
51
Q

measles (rubeola)

A

red blotchy rash
starts behind ears and then spreads over neck, trunk, arms, and legs
koplik spots in mouth

52
Q

rubella (german measles)

A

pink papular rash like measles but paler; starts on face, then spreads
distinguished from measles by presence of neck lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes) and absence of koplik spots

53
Q

primary contact dermatitis

A

local inflammatory reaction to CONTACT with an environmental irritant (allergen– poison ivy)
pruritis

54
Q

tinea corporis (ringworm)

A

scales
dark skin: depigmented
light skin: hyperpigmented
multiple circular lesions with clear centers

55
Q

tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)

A

fungal infection
scaly, hard fissures
in warm, moist feet

56
Q

psoriasis

A

silvery, scaly patch

57
Q

tinea versicolor

A

fine, scaly, round patches of pink, tan, or white

superficial fungal infection

58
Q

allergic medication reaction

A

red and symmetrical rash; generalized

produced by medication

59
Q

chicken pox (varicella)

A

small, tight vesicles and spread to arms, legs, face (not soles or palms)
‘dewdrop on rose petal’
vesicles erupt, become pustules, and crust

60
Q

herpes simplex

A

cold sores; virus

tight vesicles–> pustules–> painful ulcers

61
Q

erythema migrans (lyme)

A

circular bullseye rash
starts at site of tick bite
includes disseminated disease

62
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

occurs along nerve route
vesicles–> pustules–> crust
reactivation of chicken pox (varicella zoster)
unilateral and does not cross midline

63
Q

scabies

A

mites that form linear or curved burrows on fingers or webbed spaces of hands

64
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A 
skin (or darker) colored papule
translucent top, shiny, elevated borders
looks like large, open pore
most common form of skin cancer
slow progression; rare death
65
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

scaly patch with sharp margins
central ulcer and surrounding redness develop
on hands or head (areas with sun exposure)
very common
easily removed by surgery
slow progression

66
Q

malignant melanoma

A

1/2 of the cases come from preexisting nevi (ABCDE!)
1-2% of skin cancers, 20% death rate
rapid progression
occurs earlier in life

67
Q

AIDs related kaposi’s sarcoma

A

patch stage

lesions on temple and beard area

68
Q

seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)

A

thick, yellow-white, greasy scales
mild redness
common in early infancy
resembles eczema, but lacks pruritis

68
Q

seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)

A

thick, yellow-white, greasy scales
mild redness
common in early infancy
resembles eczema, but lacks pruritis

69
Q

tinea capitis (scalp ringworm)

A

round, patchy hair loss on scalp
broken off hairs, pustules, scales on skin
fungal infection
fluoresce blue-green under wood-light
contagious (transmits through soil, animals, and other people)

70
Q

toxic alopecia

A

patchy, asymmetrical balding
accompanies illness or chemotherapy
growing hairs are lost; resting hairs are spared
regrowth occurs when treatment is done

71
Q

alopecia areata

A

sudden appearance of sharp, round balding patch
smooth, soft, hairless skin underneath
person usually sees complete regrowth when it is limited to a few patches

72
Q

traumatic/traction alopecia

A

linear or oval patch of hair loss

trauma from protective hairstyles (tight braids, ponytails, or barrettes)

73
Q

trichotillomania

A

traumatic, self-induced hair loss from compulsive twisting or plucking
irregular patches with broken, stub-like hairs
can be a sign of a personality disorder

74
Q

pediculosis capitis (head lice)

A

itchy scalp
nits (eggs) have oval translucent bodies, adhere to hair shaft
can use shampoo (over the counter) or nit-picking

74
Q

pediculosis capitis (head lice)

A

itchy scalp
nits (eggs) have oval translucent bodies, adhere to hair shaft
can use shampoo (over the counter) or nit-picking

75
Q

folliculitis (razor bumps)

A

superficial infection of follicles

pustules

76
Q

hirsutism

A

excess body hair in women that forms male sexual pattern (upper lip, face, chest, abdomen, arms, legs)
endocrine or metabolic dysfunction
sometimes idiopathic

77
Q

furuncle and abscess

A

red, swollen, hard, tender, pus-filled lesion due to local bacteria
hair follicle infection after traumatic introduction of bacteria into the skin
abscesses are larger and deeper than furuncles

78
Q

paronychia

A

red, swollen, tender inflammation of nail cuticles

acute: bacteria
chronic: fungal (from ‘wet’ work)

78
Q

paronychia

A

red, swollen, tender inflammation of nail cuticles

acute: bacteria
chronic: fungal (from ‘wet’ work)

79
Q

splinter hemorrhages

A

red-brown linear streaks on nail bed

80
Q

beau’s line

A

furrow or groove on nail; depression extends to nail bed
occurs with trauma (illness, toxins, local trauma)
impairs nail formation
dent grows out

81
Q

onichomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail (finger or toe)
common in older adults
causes color (green), texture, and thickness changes
causes nail to crumble or break off or loosen
starts at distal edge and progresses proximally

82
Q

late clubbing

A

increased angle of proximal nail (180 degrees)
round and wide finger
occurs with pulmonary or heart disease
starts in thumb and index finger

83
Q

nail pitting

A

pitting and crumbling of nails
distal detachment
occurs with psoriasis

84
Q

habit-tic dystrophy

A

depression down middle of nail due to picking of cuticle, which injures nail base and matrix

2500 (3 decks)

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