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SKIN CARE PRODUCTS Flashcards

1
Q

The first line of defense against certain harmful microorganisms

A

Skin

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2
Q

Found in palm and soles of feet.

A

Glabrous / Non-hairy

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3
Q

Any part of the skin that does not have hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

A

Glabrous / Non-hairy

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4
Q

Has a very thick epidermis.

A

Glabrous / Non-hairy

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5
Q

Encapsulated organ in the dermis.

A

Glabrous / Non-hairy

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6
Q

Found in any part of the body where hair growth occurs.

A

Hairy

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6
Q

Any part of the skin that has hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

A

Hairy

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7
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN:

A
  1. Body temperature regulation
  2. Protection
  3. Vitamin D production
  4. Excretion
  5. Sensation
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8
Q

Removal of waste and excess fluids in our body.

A

Excretion

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9
Q

Major way to maintain body homeostasis

A

Excretion

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10
Q

Skin allows an individual to touch and feel certain things.

A

Sensation

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11
Q

In an average adult, skin covers a
surface area in excess of ______

A

2 m2

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12
Q

With the exception of the skeletal muscles, the _______ is the heaviest organ of the body.

A

Skin

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13
Q

T/F: The skin varies in thickness between the palms and soles of the feet, where it is very thick, to the fine delicate skin on the face.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Two types of skin

A

glabrous and hairy

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15
Q

Found on the palms and soles of the feet, lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands but has a very thick epidermis and encapsulated sense organs in the dermis.

A

Glabrous skin

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16
Q

Hair follicles and sebaceous glands are both present, but there are no encapsulated sensory organs.

A

Hairy skin

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17
Q

Skin protects underlying structures from

A
  • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
  • Dehydration
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18
Q

Needed for calcium absorption

A

Vit. D

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19
Q

Small amounts of waste products are lost through ____________

A

perspiration

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20
Q

If too hot, dermal blood vessels ________

A

dilate

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21
Q

An avascular structure, made up of many layers of cells.

A

epidermis

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21
Q

If too cold, dermal blood vessels ___________

A

constricts

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22
Q

The special structure of the epidermis is classified as ____________________________ and is typical of vertebrate animals.

A

cornified stratified squamous epithelium

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23
Q

Responsible for producing the main barrier

A

Epidermis

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24
Q

Forms the outermost part of the epidermis.

A

horny layer or stratum corneum

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25
Q

The horny layer is made up of water-resistant dead cells, called ________

A

corneocytes

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26
Q

Characterized by the presence of distinctive keratohyalin granules

A

stratum granulosum or granular layer

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27
Q

Layers of epidermis in chronological order

A

corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basale

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27
Q

Lower living layers of the epidermis

A
  1. germinative or basal layer;
  2. stratum spinosum or prickle
    cell layer;
  3. stratum granulosum or
    granular layer
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28
Q

dynamic process of epidermal renewal

A

Keratinization

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29
Q

Keratinization begins in the __________

A

basal layer

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30
Q

Due to wear and tear, these cells in the horny layer are lost to the environment in a process called ___________

A

desquamation

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31
Q

supports the sensory nervous system, secretory glands and hair follicles

A

dermis

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32
Q

Functions as a supporting frame to the epidermis

A

dermis

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33
Q

Unlike the epidermis, which is a cellular structure, the underlying dermis consists of _____________

A

connective tissue

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34
Q

Compositions of Dermis:

A
  1. Collagen and elastin
  2. Ground substance
  3. Mast cells
  4. Sweat glands
  5. Sensory skin receptors
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35
Q

major constituent of the fibrous protein which gives the skin its tensile strength

A

collagen

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36
Q

These collagen fibres make up ______ of the wet weight of the dermis and are arranged largely as interwoven strands.

A

30%

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37
Q

makes up a smaller percentage and tends to be interwoven among the
collagen bundles

A

elastin

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38
Q

allow the skin to deform and return to its original state once the pressure or tension is removed

A

elastin

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39
Q

consists of salt, water and glycosaminoglycans

A

ground substance

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40
Q

The dermal ground substance consists of ________, ________, and _______________.

A

salt, water, and glycosaminoglycans

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41
Q

The best-known examples of ‘glycosaminoglycans’

A

hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate

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42
Q

Known to play a vital role in the hydration of tissues since it carries with it a large volume of water

A

Hyaluronic acid

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43
Q

Second major cell type in the dermis, can be found close to the small blood vessels

A

mast cells

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44
Q

They are responsible for synthesis and secretion of
(a) heparin, which is an anticoagulant,
(b) histamine and
(c) prostaglandins, both of which have vasoactive properties

A

mast cells

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45
Q

both of which have vasoactive properties

A

histamine and prostaglandin

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46
Q

Below the epidermis is a layer of fatty or adipose tissue called the ____________

A

hypodermis

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47
Q

The cells in this layer synthesize and store fat as an energy reserve.

A

hypodermis

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48
Q

provides the body with its contours,
whether they are attractive curves or unwelcome bulges

A

hypodermis

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49
Q

soft smooth skin with a healthy appearance

A

normal skin

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50
Q

fine texture, flaky, many expression lines, poor elasticity

A

dry skin

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51
Q

shiny with enlarged pores, often blemished

A

oily skin

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52
Q

florid with broken capillaries, fine textured, like dry skin

A

sensitive skin

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53
Q

excessively oily with blemishes

A

blemished skin

54
Q

Skin types

A
  1. normal
  2. oily
  3. dry
  4. sensitive
  5. blemished
55
Q

Used to remove make-up, dead skin cells, oil, dirt, and other types of pollutants from the skin of the face

A

Cleansers

56
Q

This helps to unclog pores and prevent skin conditions such
as acne.

A

Cleanser

57
Q

first step in a skin care regimen and can be used in addition of a toner and moisturizer

A

Cleanser

58
Q

average pH of skin’s surface

A

4.7

59
Q

Process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of your skin using a chemical, granular substance, or exfoliation tool.

A

exfoliating

60
Q

Your skin naturally sheds dead skin cells to make room for new cells every ______

A

30 days

61
Q

T/F: Long-term exfoliating can increase collagen production.

A

TRUE

62
Q

T/F: Exfoliation can leave your skin looking brighter and improve the effectiveness of topical skin care products by enhancing adsorption.

A

FALSE (aBsorption)

63
Q

T/F: Regular exfoliation can also help prevent clogged pores, resulting in fewer breakouts.

A

TRUE

64
Q

This process involves physically scrubbing the skin with an abrasive.

A

Mechanical exfoliation

65
Q

microfiber cloths, adhesive exfoliation sheets, micro-bead facial scrubs, crepe paper, crushed apricot kernel, sugar or salt crystals, pumice, and abrasive materials such as sponges, loofahs, and brushes

A

Mechanical exfoliation

66
Q

People with dry skin should avoid exfoliants which include a significant portion of ___________

A

pumice or crushed volcanic rock

67
Q

include scrubs containing salicylic acid, glycolic acid, fruit enzymes, citric acid, or malic acid

A

Chemical exfoliants

68
Q

May involve the use of products that contain alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), or enzymes.

A

Chemical exfoliation

69
Q

Used to address specific skin concerns such as acne, dark spots,
hyperpigmentation, fine lines and
inflammation.

A

Treatments

70
Q

The most common active ingredients in treatments are __________.

A

retinoids

71
Q

for skin allergies and inflammation

A

topical steroids

72
Q

address fine lines and wrinkles

A

tretinoin and adapalene

73
Q

treat acne

A

salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide

74
Q

Usually contain antioxidants, which
help fight free radical damage.

A

Serum

75
Q

They can also contain anti-aging
ingredients such as retinols and peptides, which stimulate collagen production.

A

Serum

76
Q

They are best used after your cleanser, and they can be used underneath moisturizer to treat the skin while sleeping.

A

Serum

77
Q

Because they penetrate deep into the skin, these products are great for hydrating dry skin.

A

Serum

78
Q

A lotion, spray, gel, foam, stick or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

A

Sunscreen

79
Q

Diligent use of ___________ can also help to slow or temporarily prevent the development of wrinkles, dark spots and sagging skin.

A

sunscreen

80
Q

Stay on the surface of the skin and mainly deflect the UV light.

A

Physical sunscreen

81
Q

an opaque, full-spectrum sunscreen also used to give opacity to face powder and foundation

A

Zinc oxide

82
Q

a full-spectrum , which means that it protects the skin from both
UVA and UVB rays

A

Titanium dioxide

83
Q

It is also used to give opacity to face powder, eye shadow, and foundation.

A

Titanium dioxide

84
Q

Sunscreen that absorbs the UV light

A

Chemical sunscreen

85
Q

remove the outer layer of the skin, which means they tend to go deeper to remove more excess dead skin cells than exfoliators

A

Chemical peel

86
Q

They usually contain glycolic, salicylic or lactic acids.

A

Chemical peel

87
Q

Chemical peels usually contain ______, ______ or ______.

A

glycolic, salicylic or lactic acids

88
Q

it shrinks pores and restores skin to its natural pH balance

A

Toner

89
Q

Can be used after a cleanser twice a day to remove excess traces of makeup or other residue from the skin.

A

Toner

90
Q

A product that adds water, and often some emollients, to the skin.

A

Moisturizer

91
Q

Dryness and flexibility cannot be corrected with oils - Only ________

A

water

92
Q

Used to limit the evaporation of water

A

Oil

93
Q

An ingredient in skin or hair products that draws moisture from the air to moisturize the skin and also promotes the retention of moisture in the skin.

A

Humectant

94
Q

Supple, waxlike, lubricating, thickening agents that prevent water loss and have a softening and soothing effect on the skin.

A

Emollient

95
Q

A skin conditioning agent which helps maintain the smooth, soft pliable appearance of the skin.

A

Emollient

96
Q

Usually a grease or an oil that softens the skin and protects it from dryness.

A

Emollient

97
Q

substances that hold strongly to the surface of the skin, preventing access to the air and increasing absorption of cosmetic treatments

A

Occlusives

98
Q

Examples of humectant

A

✔ Glycerin
✔ Propylene glycol
✔ Sorbitol
✔ Urea
✔ Lactic acid
✔ Hyaluronic Acid

99
Q

Examples of emollient

A

✔ Sunflower seed oil
✔ Olive oil
✔ Allantoin
✔ Cocoa butter
✔ Myristyl Myristate
✔ Mineral oil
✔ Shea butter

100
Q

Examples of occlusives

A

✔ Petrolatum
✔ Lanolin
✔ Candelilla wax
✔ Dimethicone

101
Q

This is a nonspecific term used to describe any inflammatory skin disease resulting from contact with an irritant or allergenic substance.

A

CONTACT DERMATITIS

102
Q

What are the clinical features of contact dermatitis?

A

itching, redness, and skin lesions

103
Q

It is a term given to a complex group of localized inflammatory reactions that follow nonimmunological damage to the skin.

A

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS (IRRITATION)

104
Q

Categories of ICD

A

Acute, Cumulative, or Delayed

105
Q

Result of a single overwhelming exposure to a strong irritant or a series of brief physical or chemical contacts, leading to acute inflammation of the skin.

A

Acute Irritant Contact Dermatitis

106
Q

Result of a series of repeated and damaging insults to the skin.

A

Cumulative Irritant Contact Dermatitis

107
Q

The signs and symptoms of acute irritant dermatitis appear 12 to 24 hours or more after the original insult.

A

Delayed Acute Irritant Contact Dermatitis

108
Q

Occurs when a substance comes into contact with skin that has undergone an acquired specific alteration in its reactivity as a result of prior exposure of the skin to the substance eliciting the dermatitis.

A

ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

109
Q

gold standard test

A

Patch test

110
Q

The skin response of ACD is _______________

A

delayed, immunologically mediated (Type IV)

111
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis is characterized by:

A

erythema, edema, papules, and papulovesicles

112
Q

It is a chemically induced nonimmunological skin irritation requiring light.

A

PHOTOIRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

113
Q

potent photoirritant that causes berloque dermatitis

A

Bergapten

114
Q

It is an immunological response to a substance that requires the presence of light.

A

PHOTOALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

115
Q

Examples of photoallergens present in cosmetics are:

A

musk ambrette and 6-methylcoumarin

116
Q

It represents a heterogeneous group of inflammatory reactions that appear, usually within a few minutes to an hour, after contact with the eliciting substance.

A

CONTACT URTICARIA SYNDROME

117
Q

Simplest and is the “first-line” test in the diagnosis of Contact Urticaria Syndrome.

A

Open test

118
Q

It is the most common class of CUS. The reaction usually remains localized.

A

Nonimmunological Contact Urticaria

119
Q

These are CUS immediate (Type I) allergic reactions in people who have previously been sensitized to the causative agent.

A

Immunological Contact Urticaria

120
Q

T/F: Immunological Contact Urticaria is IgE mediated and is more common in atopic individuals.

A

TRUE

121
Q

This refers to the capacity of some agents to cause acne or aggravate existing acne lesions.

A

ACNEGENICITY

122
Q

This is the capability of an agent to cause hyperkeratinous impactions in the sebaceous follicle or the formation of microcomedones.

A

Comedogenicity

123
Q

This refers to the capability of an agent to cause inflammatory papules and pustules.

A

Pustulogenicity

124
Q

Common Components that cause Cosmetic Allergic Reaction:

A

 Fragrance Ingredients
 Preservatives
 Antioxidants
 “Active” or Category-Specific Ingredients
 Excipients and Emulsifiers
 Coloring Agents

125
Q

a test for determining allergic sensitivity

A

PATCH TEST

126
Q

Patch test is conducted on a panel of at least

A

25 subjects

127
Q

a test for determining the irritation and/or sensitization potential of a test material in support of sensitive skin claims

A

Human Repeat Insult Patch Test (HRIPT)

128
Q

The HRIPT consists of ____ phases

A

3

129
Q

A test to evaluate the skin conditions before and after one month of product usage. The evaluator counts the number of comedons and blackheads on the forehead, cheeks, and chin.

A

NON-COMEDOGENIC TEST

130
Q

A test to evaluate skin conditions before and after one month of product usage. The evaluator counts the number of acne lesions (papules and pustules) on the forehead, cheeks, and chin.

A

NON-ACNEGENIC TEST

131
Q

A test that allows to assess the irritation potential of a topical product applied on the eye contour area.

A

PERIOCULAR TOLERANCE TEST

132
Q

The study is conducted under the supervision of an ophthalmologist.

A

PERIOCULAR TOLERANCE TEST

133
Q

This test is used for allergic susceptibility.

A

SCRATCH TEST

134
Q

Other names of Scratch Test

A

Skin prick test / Prick test / Puncture test

135
Q

It is considered a Pre-testing

A

NON-COMEDOGENIC TEST

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