ORAL CARE PRODUCTS Flashcards
Practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental problems.
Oral hygiene
sticky substance formed by the attachment of bacteria coating that adheres to the pellicle
plaque
thin acellular, glycoprotein
pellicle
Plaque, when not removed within 24 hours, forms a substance called ____________
calculus or tartar
Plaque calcifies when calcium salt precipitates from the __________
saliva
adheres to the crevices and fissures of the teeth
plaque
removes material from tooth before it hardens into calculus
Brushing
APPROACH TO CARIES PREVENTION:
● Flossing
● Brushing
Products that enhance the removal of stains and plaque by the toothbrush.
Dentrifices
Used to decrease the incidence of dental caries, reduce mouth odors, and enhance personal appearance.
Toothpastes
Brush with soft toothbrush for
2 minutes
No RINSING, EATING, or DRINKING for
20 minutes
responsible in removing plaque
Abrasives
______________ formulations are not advisable for long-term use as it may lead to eventual exposure to root surfaces.
High-abrasive
foaming agents that aid in the removal of debris
Surfactants
Most frequently used surfactants are
sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate
prevents the drying of the preparation
Humectant
add thickness to the formulation
Suspending agents
Suspending agents examples
Methylcellulose, tragacanth, karaya gum
Special ingredients of toothpastes:
Pyrophosphates, Fluoride, Triclosan, Desensitizing agents
For tartar-control; retard the formation of tartar. However, they form an alkaline solution that can irritate skin and which is most often exhibit by rash around the mouth.
Pyrophosphates
Anticariogenic, replaces the hydroxyl ion in hydroxyapatite with the fluoride ion, forming fluoroapatite on the surface of the enamel and hardens it, leading to a more acid-resistant enamel.
Fluoride
Antimicrobial agent, which helps prevent gingivitis, plaque, cavities, and tartar.
Triclosan
Reduce pain in sensitive teeth
Desensitizing agents
Desensitizing agents example
5% potassium nitrate
Rinse two times a day with a capful. Rinse for 1 minute and spit.
Mouthwashes/ Oral Rinses
May contain astringents, demulcents, detergents, flavors, germicides, and fluoride.
Mouthwashes/ Oral Rinses
Used to freshen breath, nontherapeutic, and no antiseptic property.
Cosmetic mouthwashes
Cosmetic mouthwashes are classified based on
ingredients, alcohol content, and appearance
tooth whitener & mild antiseptic
CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE 10%
CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE is also calles
hydrogen peroxide, perhydrit, hyperol, or perhydol
Reacts with water in saliva, carbamide peroxide dissociates to
hydrogen peroxide (34%) & urea
Who introduced bleaching of teeth with 10% carbamide peroxide gels?
Haywood and Heymann
Active ingredient in some cosmetic whiteners in gel or liquid form.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
10% carbamide peroxide gels placed in custom-built trays to be worn by patients at night for
2-6 weeks
Possible risk in using cosmetic whitening products:
● Alteration of normal flora
● Tissue damage
● Tooth sensitivity
● Gingivitis
● Potentiation of carcinogenic effects of other agents
Prescribed high-concentrated topical agent (1-2%) intended either for professional applications in plastic/disposal trays 2- 4 times per year.
Fluoride gel
Fluoride gel formulations are based on
sodium fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride, or amine fluoride
The gels are flavored but contain no abrasive cleaning agents or preservatives.
Fluoride gel
FLUORIDE’S ACTION IN INHIBITING CARIES
a) Fluoride decreases the solubility of enamel in acid
b) Fluoride has enzyme inhibitory properties
What route places fluoride into systemic circulation?
Oral route
The most convenient dosage form is
fluoridation of the public water supply
Fluoridation of the public water supply is done by adding
sodium fluoride or fluorosilicate
Fluoridation of the public water supply is done by adding sodium fluoride or a fluorosilicate, with a concentration of
0.7 to 1 ppm
Concentration of 0.7 to 1 ppm is equivalent to _____ mg of NaF
2.2 mg
Occurs as a white, odorless powder which is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.
SODIUM FLOURIDE USP
Officially used as dental prophylactic
SODIUM FLOURIDE USP
Concentration of sodium fluoride aqueous solution widely used topically.
2%
The usual procedure of using sodium fluoride is a series of 4 treatments in ages:
3, 7, 11, 13
STANNOUS FLOURIDE synonym
Tin Diflouride
occurs as a white crystalline powder and has a bitter salty taste
STANNOUS FLOURIDE
Stannous fluoride melts at about ____ °C
213
Freely soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform
Stannous fluoride
extensively used for topical fluoride application
Stannous fluoride
requires only 1 application per treatment
Stannous fluoride
A simple application of a freshly prepared 8% solution at 6 to 12 months intervals is used.
Stannous fluoride
PUMICE USP synonyms
Pumice Stone & Piedra Pomez
substance of volcanic origin, consisting chiefly of complex silicates of aluminum, potassium, and sodium
Pumice
Pumice consists of:
complex silicates of aluminum, potassium, and sodium
occurs as very light, hard, rough, porous greyish masses, or as a gritty grey powder
Pumice
T/F: Pumice is odorless and tasteless; stable in air; practically insoluble in water and is not attacked by acids.
TRUE
GRADES OF FINENESS:
- Pumice flour or superfine
- Fine Pumice
- Coarse pumice
DENTAL FLUOROSIS is also known as
mottled enamel
Too much fluoride present in the tissue fluids can make teeth _______
chalky and soft
Dental fluorosis occurs in areas where the fluoride concentration of drinking water ________________
exceeds 2 ppm
Only occurs during excessive ingestion of fluoride during the period of teeth development.
Dental fluorosis
LETHAL ADULT DOSE OF FLUORIDE
2-5 g
Maximum Permitted Concentration of Fluoride in toothpaste for OTC sales
0.15%
Maximum Permitted Concentration of Fluoride in toothpaste for Pharmacies
1.3%
The Probable Toxic Dose (PTD) of fluoride is
5 mg F/kg
“Low fluoride” toothpastes for small children with fluoride concentrations from
0.025% to 0.05%
Essential component of toothpastes mechanical removal of stained tooth pellicle.
ABRASIVES
Requirements of in vitro study
MECHANICAL ABRASION
The method of brushing
horizontal brushing
The abrasivity of all commercially available toothpastes is generally ________________ clinical significance
low to no
Acute Reactions of The Oral Soft Tissues to Oral Hygiene Products
● Epithelial Peeling
● Mucosal Ulceration & Inflammation
● Gingivitis
● Petechiae
Patients may complain of
● Burning or Stinging Sensation
● Soreness or Pain
● Staining of the Teeth and Tongue
Brown discoloration of the teeth and tongue and with altered taste sensation
Chlorhexidine Mouthwash
Causes superficial desquamation of the oral mucosa.
Chlorhexidine Mouthwash
Caused desquamative lesions of the oral mucosa in 4 out of 5 subjects
Benzethonium chloride (0.2%)
Causes discoloration of the tongue and around some of the teeth in 8 out of 12 subjects.
Benzethonium chloride (0.2%)
Spray directly into mouth whenever relief is needed.
MOUTH SPRAY
If used in conjunction with the toothpaste use the rinse first then brush.
ORAL RINSE
Can help to stimulate saliva flow for relief of dry mouth.
DRY MOUTH GUM
T/F: Chewing regularly can help freshen breath and leave your mouth feeling clean and fresh.
TRUE
Use approximately 16 inches of dental floss.
FLOSS THREADER
gently massage and stimulate the gums for long-term health
GUM Soft-Picks Teeth Cleaners
clinically proven to be 2x as effective as string floss at improving gum health
Waterpik Ultra Water Flosser (WP-100)
Removes 99.9% of plaque from treated areas and is 3x as effective as string floss for cleaning around braces.
WATER FLOSSER
Use of Pumice
Dental Abrasive
