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Estie > skin care & ingredients > Flashcards

skin care & ingredients Flashcards

1
Q

Lakes are botanical emulsifiers

A

false

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2
Q

Vitamin K is helpful for clients with telangiectasia and spider veins

A

true

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3
Q

Carbomers are used to add fragrance

A

false

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4
Q

Papaya is used for exfoliation

A

true

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5
Q

Magnesium crystals and jojoba beads are examples of chemical exfoliants

A

false

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6
Q

Anhydrous products are designed for oily skin.

A

false

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7
Q

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) are commonly used as exfoliants

A

true

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8
Q

Fragrances give products their scent

A

true

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9
Q

Preservatives are used to keep bacteria from living in a product.

A

true

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10
Q

Enzyme peels dissolve dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix.

A

false

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11
Q

Functional ingredients allow products to spread, and give them body and texture

A

true

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12
Q

An exfoliating cream that is rubbed off the skin is a humectant.

A

false

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13
Q

What do silicones do

A

Silicones act as vehicles (for spreading) in some products, including makeup foundation

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14
Q

What do emollients do?

A

Emollients are fatty materials used to lubricate and moisturize the skin.

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15
Q

Emollients _____ the skin’s surface

A

lubricate

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16
Q

What is the source of mineral oil?

A

Mineral oil and petrolatum come from the earth, specifically from petroleum sources.

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17
Q

What term refers to ingredients designed to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin?

A

Enzymes.
enzymes provide gentle exfoliation and dissolve keratin proteins within dead skin cells on the surface to make skin softer and smoother, and to help maintain the hydration level of the epidermis.

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18
Q

What do glycoproteins do?

A

enhance immune response

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19
Q

What is a possible advantage of synthetic ingredients over natural ingredients?

A

lesser ecological footprint

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20
Q

What is an example of a sunscreen that protects the skin from UVA radiation

A

zinc oxide

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21
Q

What are the main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products?

A

detergents

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22
Q

What gives products their scent?

A

fragrances

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23
Q

The main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products are _____.

A

detergents

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24
Q

What is mineral oil?

A

lubricant derived from petroleum

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25
Q

What are glycoproteins derived from?

A

yeast

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26
Q

What do emulsifiers cause to mix, in order to form an emulsion?

A

oil and water

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27
Q

What are lakes

A

insoluble pigments

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28
Q

What products coat the skin and reduce friction?

A

lubricants

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29
Q

What is coenzyme Q10

A

antioxidant

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30
Q

What is an example of an inorganic physical substance

A

titanium dioxide

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31
Q

What type of ingredient is used to improve the hydration, plumpness, and smoothness of the skin?

A

lipids

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32
Q

What are alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) commonly used as?

A

exfoliants

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33
Q

What are examples of ingredients that are used to adjust the pH of products?

A

sodium hydroxide and citric acid

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34
Q

What element turns a fatty acid into a fatty alcohol?

A

hydrogen

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35
Q

What are carbomers used for?

A

thickening creams

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36
Q

What type of color agent is not subject to FDA batch certification requirements?

A

noncertified colors

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37
Q

What is one of the fattiest and heaviest plant oils?

A

coconut oil

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38
Q

Where in the body are alpha lipoic acids found?

A

every cell

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39
Q

chemical systems that deliver ingredients to specific areas of the epidermis

A

delivery system

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40
Q

chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules

A

polymers

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41
Q

derived from plants to protect or stimulate our own skin stem cells

A

plant stem cells

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42
Q

used to enhance the skin’s defense mechanism and stimulate cell metabolism

A

polyglucons

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43
Q

closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific areas of the skin and control their release

A

liposomes

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44
Q

spreading agents and carrying bases that carry or deliver other ingredients into the skin and make them more effective

A

vehicles

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45
Q

Benzoyl peroxide is an ingredient specifically recommended for mature skin.

A

false

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46
Q

Green tea is proven to have a positive effect on mature skin.

A

true

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47
Q

Green tea is an antibacterial and an anti-irritant, and it provides UV protection.

A

true

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48
Q

Licorice is used for boosting the efficacy of enzyme peels

A

false

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49
Q

Masks that are designed to stay moist and more hydrating, setting

A

nonsetting mask

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50
Q

Masks that harden and contain ingredients, which dry and provide a complete barrier on top of the skin, alginate

A

setting mask

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51
Q

Masks that form a seal that encourages the skin’s absorption of the serum or cream underneath,

A

alginate

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52
Q

Thermal masks that contains crystals of gypsum, and reach approximately 105 degrees Fahrenheit,

A

modelage

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53
Q

Wax masks that are used to warm the skin and promote penetration of ingredients deeper into the skin through the heat trapped

A

parrafin

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54
Q

Masks that draw impurities to the surface of the skin as the masks fries and tightens

A

clay

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55
Q

Masks allow an esthetician to treat several skin conditions at the same time, and are also beneficial for weekly home care use.

A

mask

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56
Q

What term refers to a detergent-type “foaming” cleanser?

A

cleansing gel

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57
Q

A valuable ingredient included in some day creams is _____.

A

sunscreen

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58
Q

Treatment creams are also known as _____.

A

nourishing creams

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59
Q

What is an ampoule

A

small sealed vials

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60
Q

How often should moisturizers be used at home?

A

twice a day

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61
Q

Some lip treatments include this derivative to plump up the lips.

A

collagen

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62
Q

What type of toner has a higher alcohol content?

A

astringent

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63
Q

Eye creams are usually lighter and similar to concentrated specialty creams and gels to ____.

A

protect thin, delicate tissue

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64
Q

What term refers to skin-freshening lotions with a low alcohol content

A

fresheners

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65
Q

All of the following are benefits of using moisturizers and hydrators except _____.

A

stimulating the body’s histamine activity

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66
Q

Sun protection factor (SPF) is based on UVA protection

A

false

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67
Q

Clients should exfoliate at home once a day.

A

false

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68
Q

An SPF 15 sunscreen blocks 98 percent of UVB rays.

A

false

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69
Q

Self-tanners protect from UVA and UVB exposure.

A

false

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70
Q

Looking tan does not mean the skin has protection from sunburns or photoaging.

A

true

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71
Q

SPF refers to the sun protection factor in sunscreens that delays sun-induced erythema.

A

true

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72
Q

Self-tanning lotions are formulated with an ingredient that reacts with melanin and turns the melanocytes darker

A

false

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73
Q

SPF is based on exposure time alone.

A

false

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74
Q

as defined by the U.S. Food And Drug Administration (FDA): articles that are intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance

A

cosmetics

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75
Q

soap or detergent that cleans the skin

A

cleansers

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76
Q

products formulated to add moisture to the skin

A

moisturizers

77
Q

term used to describe high-quality products or ingredients intended to improve the skin’s health and appearance

A

cosmeceutical

78
Q

all natural, terms often used in marketing for skin care products and ingredients derived from natural sources

A

natural

79
Q

term often used in marketing for skin care products and ingredients derived from natural sources

A

all natural

80
Q

term used to describe natural-sourced ingredients that are grown without the use of pesticides or chemicals

A

organic

81
Q

term used to describe products that are not tested on animals at any stage of the production process; nor are any of its ingredients tested on animals

A

cruelty-free

82
Q

a product that is labeled vegan should not contain any animal ingredients or animal by-products

A

vegan

83
Q

emollient with moisturizing properties; also, an emulsifier with high water-absorption capabilities

A

lanolin

84
Q

refers to ingredients or products that may be less likely to cause allergic reactions

A

hyoallergenic

85
Q

this term indicates that no additional ingredients have been added to a product to specifically provide a fragrance; however, it may already contain ingredients that have a scent

A

fragrance - free

86
Q

antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, balancing, energizing, soothing, and healing

A

lavendar

87
Q

products formulated to have no smell; because most ingredients in a formulation do have an odor, more ingredients have to be added to neutralize the smell

A

unscented

88
Q

ingredients in cosmetic products that allow the products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form such as a lotion, cream, or gel. Preservatives are also functional ingredients

A

functional ingredients

89
Q

properties include enhancing the penetrative abilities of other substances; antiinflammatory, antiseptic, and deodorizing action that protects the skin’s surface and helps maintain healthy skin

A

urea

90
Q

give products their scent

A

fragrances

91
Q

mineral physical sunscreen ingredient that reflects UVA and UVB rays; also used to protect, soothe, and heal the skin; is somewhat astringent, antiseptic, and antimicrobial

A

zinc oxide

92
Q

ingredients in cosmetic products that cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin

A

performance ingredients

93
Q

describes products that do not contain any water

A

anhydrous

94
Q

oil or fatty ingredients that lubricate, moisturize, and prevent water loss

A

emollients

95
Q

fats or fat-like substances; lipids help repair and protect the barrier function of the skin

A

lipids

96
Q

emollient ingredient derived from petroleum sources

A

liquid paraffin

97
Q

derived from coconut, one of the fattiest and heaviest oils used as an emollient

A

coconut oil

98
Q

derived from the oil palm tree; one of the fattiest and heaviest oils used as an emollient

A

palm oil

99
Q

derived from hemp seeds, very light botanical oil used as an emollient

A

hemp seed oil

100
Q

emollients; lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats

A

fatty acids

101
Q

coats the skin and reduces friction; mineral oil is a lubricant

A

lubricant

102
Q

emollients; fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen

A

fatty alcohols

103
Q

emollients produced from fatty acids and alcohols

A

fatty esters

104
Q

type of surfactant used as cleansers in skin-cleansing products

A

detergents

105
Q

surfactants that cause oil and water to mix and form an emulsion; an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend

A

emulsifiers

106
Q

systems that deliver ingredients to specific tissues of the epidermis

A

delivery systems

107
Q

spreading agents and ingredients that carry or deliver other ingredients into the skin and make them more effective

A

vehicles

108
Q

closed-lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific tissues of the skin, and control their release

A

liposomes

109
Q

chemical compounds formed by combining a number of small molecules (monomers) into long chain-like structures; advanced vehicles that release substances onto the skin’s surface at a microscopically controlled rate

A

polymers

110
Q

chemical agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms in cosmetic formulations; they kill bacteria and prevent products from spoiling

A

preservatives

111
Q

one of the most commonly used groups of preservatives in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries; provide bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity against diverse organisms

A

parabens

112
Q

one of the most frequently used preservatives because of its very low sensitizing potential; combats bacteria and molds; noncomedogenic

A

methylparaben

113
Q

all-purpose preservative active against bacteria, mold, and yeast. Probably the greatest formaldehyde-releaser among cosmetic preservatives; may cause dermatitis and allergies

A

Quaternium-15

114
Q

a chemical added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative

A

chelating agents

115
Q

oils derived from herbs; have many different properties and effects on the skin and psyche

A

essential oils

116
Q

therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils for beauty and health treatment purposes; involves the use of highly concentrated, nonoily, and volatile essential oils to induce such reactions as relaxation and invigoration, or to simply create a pleasant fragrance during a service

A

aromatherapy

117
Q

hundreds of different herbs that contain phytohormones are used in skin care products and cosmetics; they heal, stimulate, soothe, and moisturize

A

herbs

118
Q

“smell” receptors in the nose that communicate with parts of the brain that serve as storehouses for emotions and memories

A

olfactory nerves

119
Q

substances such as vegetable, pigment, or mineral dyes that give products color

A

color agents

120
Q

inorganic color agents also known as metal salts; listed on ingredient labels as D&C (drug and cosmetic)

A

certified colors

121
Q

insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material

A

lakes

122
Q

colors that are organic, meaning they come from animal or plant extracts; they can also be natural mineral pigments

A

noncertified colors

123
Q

ingredients used to thicken creams; frequently used in gel products

A

carbomers

124
Q

acids or alkalis (bases) used to adjust the pH of products

A

pH adjusters

125
Q

baking soda; an alkaline inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer, and pH adjuster

A

sodium bicarbonate

126
Q

antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents; specially denatured (SD) alcohol is a mixture of ethanol with a denaturing agent

A

alcohol

127
Q

ingredients derived from plants

A

botanicals

128
Q

peeling or sloughing of the outer layer of skin

A

exfoliation

129
Q

provide gentle exfoliation and dissolve keratin proteins within dead skin cells on the surface

A

enzymes

130
Q

abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin; mild acids: glycolic, lactic, malic, and tartaric acid. AHAs exfoliate by loosening the bonds between dead corneum cells and dissolve the intercellular matrix. Alpha hydroxy acids also stimulate cell renewal

A

alpha hydroxy acids

131
Q

mixable with water

A

water soluble

132
Q

exfoliating organic acid; salicylic acid; milder than alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs). BHAs dissolve oil and are beneficial for oily skin

A

beta hydroxy acids

133
Q

beta hydroxy acid with exfoliating and antiseptic properties; natural sources include sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen

A

salicylic acid

134
Q

compatible with oil

A

oil soluale

135
Q

natural form of vitamin A; stimulates cell repair and helps to normalize skin cells by generating new cells

A

retinol

136
Q

plasticizers used in skin care formulas to moisturize and soften skin, and to dissolve or blend ingredients

A

phthalates

137
Q

ingredients that attract water; humectants draw moisture to the skin and soften its surface, diminishing lines caused by dehydration

A

humectants

138
Q

ingredients that attract water to the skin’s surface

A

hydrators

139
Q

ingredients that attract water to the skin’s surface

A

hydrophilic agents

140
Q

vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging; side effects are irritation, photosensitivity, skin dryness, redness, and peeling

A

retinoic

141
Q

agent that causes exfoliation, or sloughing, of skin cells

A

keratolytic

142
Q

chains of amino acids that stimulate fibroblasts, cell metabolism, collagen, and improve skin’s firmness. Larger chains are called polypeptides

A

peptides

143
Q

substances from plants such as chamomile, aloe, plant stem cells, and botanical oils that help to heal the skin

A

healing botanicals

144
Q

derived from plants to protect or stimulate our own skin stem cells; health and anti-aging benefits

A

plant stem cells

145
Q

ingredients derived from yeast cells that help strengthen the immune system and stimulate metabolism; hydrophilic and help preserve and protect collagen and elastin

A

polyglucans

146
Q

ingredients used in anti-aging cosmetics to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the formation of collagen

A

beta-glucans

147
Q

skin-conditioning agents derived from carbohydrates and proteins that enhance cellular metabolism and wound healing

A

glycoproteins

148
Q

inorganic physical sunscreen that reflects UV radiation

A

titanium dioxide

149
Q

berry rich in antioxidants, vitamins A, B, C, and E; protects, replenishes; helps heal damaged skin

A

acai berry

150
Q

seaweed derivatives used as thickening agents, water-binding agents, and antioxidants; also nourishes the skin with vitamins and minerals

A

algae

151
Q

seaweed derivatives such as algae have many nourishing properties; known for its humectant and moisturizing properties, vitamin content, metabolism stimulation and detoxification, and aiding skin firmness

A

seaweed

152
Q

derived from the root of the comfrey plant, helps to soften and protect while actively soothing skin

A

allantoin

153
Q

popular botanical used in cosmetic formulations; emollient and humectant with hydrating, softening, healing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties

A

aloe vera

154
Q

a natural molecule found in every cell in the body; it is a powerful antioxidant and is soluble in water and oil

A

alpha lipoic acid

155
Q

derived from the kernels of the argan tree; very light botanical oil used as an emollient

A

argan oil

156
Q

derived from the chamomile plant and characterized by its deep blue color; has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties

A

azulene

157
Q

drying ingredient with antibacterial properties commonly used for blemishes and acne

A

benzoyl peroxide

158
Q

anti-inflammatory plant extract

A

calendula

159
Q

plant extract with calming and soothing properties

A

chamomile

160
Q

powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalizes skin cells

A

Coenzyme Q10

161
Q

derivative of the purple coneflower; prevents infection and has healing properties; used internally to support the immune system

A

echinacea

162
Q

formed by a decomposition of oils or fats; excellent skin softener and humectant; very strong water binder; sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

A

glycerin

163
Q

powerful antioxidant and soothing agent; antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and a stimulant

A

green tea

164
Q

skin-brightening agent

A

kojic acid

165
Q

anti-irritant used for sensitive skin; helps lighten pigmentation

A

licorice

166
Q

lubricant derived from petroleum

A

mineral oil

167
Q

emollient ingredient derived from petroleum sources

A

petrolatum

168
Q

derived from olives; desensitizes and nourishes; an emollient

A

sqalene

169
Q

reduces the activity of oil glands and dissolves the skin’s surface layer of dry, dead cells; commonly used in acne products

A

sulfur

170
Q

soothing and antiseptic; antifungal properties

A

tea tree oil

171
Q

extracted from the bark of the hamanelis shrub; can be a soothing agent or, in higher concentrations, an astringent

A

witch hazel

172
Q

also known as fresheners or astringents; liquids designed to tone and tighten the skin’s surface

A

toners

173
Q

toners, skin-freshening lotions, and liquids applied after cleansing to soothe and hydrate

A

fresheners

174
Q

also called toners, these liquids help remove excess oil on the skin

A

astringents

175
Q

mechanical and chemical products or processes used to exfoliate the skin

A

exfoliants

176
Q

products used as a physical method of polishing dead cells off the skin

A

mechanical exfoliants

177
Q

chemical agent that dissolves dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix, or “glue,” that holds them together (desmosomes)

A

chemical exfoliants

178
Q

natural enzyme used for exfoliation and in enzyme peels

A

papaya

179
Q

exfoliating creams that are rubbed off the skin

A

gommage

180
Q

concentrated treatment products often composed of herbs, vitamins, mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, beneficial extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish and treat the skin

A

mask

181
Q

oil-absorbing cleansing masks that draw impurities to the surface of the skin as they dry and tighten

A

clay mask

182
Q

often seaweed based mask applied after a serum or treatment cream. They come in powder form and are mixed with water or serums, and dry to form a rubberized texture

A

alginate

183
Q

thermal heat masks; facial masks containing special crystals of gypsum, a plaster-like ingredient

A

modelage masks

184
Q

mask used to warm the skin and promote penetration of ingredients through the heat trapped under the surface of the paraffin

A

paraffin wax masks

185
Q

oil widely used in cosmetics; extracted from the bean-like seeds of a desert shrub; used as a lubricant and noncomedogenic emollient and moisturizer

A

jojoba

186
Q

concentrated liquid ingredients for the skin designed to penetrate and treat various skin conditions

A

serums

187
Q

small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base

A

ampoules

188
Q

abbreviated SPF; indicates the ability of a product to delay sun-induced erythema, the visible sign of sun damage; the SPF rating is based only on UVB protection, not UVA exposure

A

sun protection factor

189
Q
A

Estie (7 decks)

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