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Dermatology RIA > Skin cancers > Flashcards

Skin cancers Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

3 common skin cancers caused by UV light

A

SCC
BCC
Malignant melanoma

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2
Q 
never tans 
freckles 
red hair 
blue eyes 
always burns
A

skin type 1

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3
Q

skin type 2

A

tans with difficulty
burns
less freckled

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4
Q

tans easily, after the initial burn
dark hair
brown eyes

A

skin type 3

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5
Q

skin type 4

A

always tans
burns minimally
mediterranean skin

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6
Q

brown skin - indian

rarely burns

A

skin type 5

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7
Q

skin type 6

A

black skin - african

never burns

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8
Q

_____ skin types

A

FITZPATRICK

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9
Q

invasive malignant tumour of melanocytes

A

melanoma

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10
Q

which skin types are at risk of melanoma

A

fitzpatrick skin type 1 + 2

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11
Q

prognosis of melanoma is related to….

A

thickness of the lesion:

BRESLOW THICKNESS

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12
Q

risk factors for melanoma

A
  • sun exposure
  • skin types 1 + 2
  • pre existing moles: congenital naevi + multiple dysplastic naevi
  • sun bed
  • smoking
  • fhx
  • immunosuppression
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13
Q

ABCD appearance of malignant melanomas

A

A - Assymetry
B - irregular borders
C - multiple colours
D - increasing size/dimension

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14
Q

3 major criteria: diagnostic features of Melanoma

A

1) change in size
2 change in shape
3) change in colour

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15
Q

minor criteria: diagnosing melanoma

A
  • diameter > 6 mm
  • inflammation
  • oozing/bleeding
  • altered sensation
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16
Q

trx suspicious lesions

A

excisional biopsy

17
Q

next step once suspicious lesions has been excised?

A

diagnosed confirmed by pathology lab –> review as to whether further re excision of margins is required.

18
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

19
Q

risk factors for both BCC + SCC (3)

A
  • chronic UV light exposure
  • skin types 1+2
  • immunosuppression
20
Q

genetic condition of predisposition to BCC

A

Gorlin’s syndrome

21
Q

rare condition where BCC starts at around 30 years

A

gorlin syndrome

22
Q

other medical conditions in those with gorlin syndrome (4)

A
  • skin tags + skin cysts
  • medulloblastoma
  • longer + larger bones than usual
  • benign tumour of ovary
23
Q

genetic condition of predisposition to SCC

A

Xeroderma pigmentosa

24
Q

what is xeroderma pigmentosa

A

rare skin disorder where the individual is extremely sensitive to sun
autosomal recessive
SCC

25
Q

features of BCC

A
  • initially: pearly, flesh coloured papules with telengiectasia
  • later: ulceration
26
Q

management options for BCC

A
  • surgical excision
  • curettage
  • cryotherapy
  • radiotherapy
  • topical cream: fluorouracil
27
Q

SCC is

A

malignant tumour arising from keritoncytes of the epidermis

typically have crusted/hyperkeratotic surfaces + painful

28
Q

common sites for SCC

A
  • face
  • scalp
  • back of hands
29
Q

management of SCC if > and < 20 mm diameter

A

surgical excision with margins…

4 mm margins if < 20 mm

6 mm margins if > 20 mm

30
Q

well differentiated tumours have a ___prognosis

A

good

31
Q

what is bowens disease

A

squamous cell carcinoma in situ

characterised by

  • well defined
  • erythematous
  • macule
  • little induration
  • slight crusting
32
Q

risk factors for bowens disease

A

following ingestion of arsenic, exposure to sheep dip, weed killer, industrial process

33
Q

management of bowens disease and why

A

curettage+cautery/cryotherapy/excision —- reduce risk of SCC

34
Q

what are actinic/solar keratosis + appearance?

A

scaly spot on sun damaged skin, early SCC

  • crusty
  • scaly
  • irregular edges
35
Q

treatment of actinic keratosis

A

liquid nitrogen/cryotherapy/shave/curettage/electocautery

followed by diclofenac na gel BD 3 months

36
Q

UV protection advice

A
  • SPF 30, UVA + UVB protection, star raring 3 or 4
  • apply 30 min before sun exposure + re apply every 2 hours
  • thin film
  • appropriate clothing including darker rather than lighter coloured
  • shade between 11 and 3
  • ensure you never burn
37
Q

frequency of review following SCC

A

3 monthly

12 month review appt

38
Q

which skin ca rarely metastasises

A

BCC

Dermatology RIA (7 decks)

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