Skin Cancers Flashcards
What is located in the dermis?
Capillaries & Arterioles
Cutaneous appendages, pilary complexes, sebaceous glands, apocrine and epocrine glands
What is leukoplakia?
Raised white patches of mucous membranes
Will not wipe off like thrush
Located on lower lip, oral mucosa and vulva
What is erythroplakia?
Red patches of mucous membrane
91% lead to cancers
What is Bowen’s disease?
Erythematous plaques
Resembles bcc
May turn in to SCC with high rate of mets
What is arsenical keratosis?
Skin lesions r/t increased arsenic intake
Usually on soles and palms
What is solar keratosis?
Also known as actinic keratosis
Result of cumulative effects of uv light
Usually turns into SCC with a low rate of mets
Which UV light causes the most damage?
UVB
What is primary prevention for skin cancer?
Sunscreen use with spf 15-20
Apply 15-30min before
Reapply every 90 minutes and after toweling off
What is keratin?
Fibrous protein in epidermis
Absorbs photons in UVA and UVB light
What is melanin?
Brownish black pigment in epidermis
Blocks and Scatters uv light and turns it into heat
Describe effect of ozone layer
Absorbs UVB
Filters UVC
When ozone layer decreases UVB penetration increases
Predisposing factors for SCC and BCC?
Albinism
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Chronic radiodermatitis
BCC ONLY: Arsenic intake
Which skin cancer is the most common?
BCC
What is the most common type of BCC?
Noduloulcerative
- translucent, pearly nodules with telangiectic lesions
- central areas of ulceration
Second most common type of BCC
Superficial BCC
- scaling, erythemic patches
- superficial ulceration
What is a rare type of BCC?
Sclerosing or morphea-like
White indurated lesions
Deeply invasive
What are the ABCDE of melanoma?
Asymmetry Border Color (mixed, black, blue, brown) Diameter (>6mm) Elevation
What is the most common type of melanoma?
Superficial spreading melanoma
Characteristics of superficial spreading melanoma
Most common type; 70%
Occurs in younger age group
Usually in upper back
Characteristics of Lentigo Maligna melanoma
Common in elderly
Starts as tan macular lesions
Turn brown, black, then invade and mets
Characteristics of melanoma on the mucous membrane
Common in blacks and Asians
Worse prognosis r/t later diagnosis
Breslow’s classification
Measured in millimeters
Distance from epidermis to deepest identifiable layer of MM cells
What is the degree of inflammatory response?
Lymphocytic infiltration into the tumor area
Associated with a better prognosis
Characteristics of dysplastic Nevus syndrome
Genetic
MM begins earlier in life
Higher survival rate
