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Dermatology > Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Skin Cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Name the skin cancers in order from most common to least common?

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma

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2
Q

Why is malignant melanoma on the rise?

A

Cheap holidays to hot countries

Depletion of the ozone layer

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3
Q

What is a the fancy name for a mole?

A

A melanocytic naevus

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4
Q

What is a rodent ulcer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma?

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5
Q

What is a lentigo?

A

A small brown patch on the skin, completely benign

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6
Q

What is the fancy name for a freckle?

A

Ephelis

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7
Q

Risk factors for skin cancer?

A 
Older age
Sunbed use
Fair skin, fair hair
Lots of freckles, moles
History of sunburn
Living in a hot country
Family history
Occupation
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8
Q

Describe how occupation changes the risk of skin cancer?

A

Indoor job: increased risk due to being inside all day so not getting used to sun

Outdoor job: more exposure to sun so more risk

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9
Q

What is a basal cell carcinoma?

A

A malignancy of epidermal basal cells in the skin

They don’t metastasise, but are locally invasive

Slow growing

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10
Q

Clinical features of basal cell carcinoma?

A 
A pearly nodule
Rolled raised red edges
Ulceration in centre
Telangiectasia
Crusting
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11
Q

Where are BCCs often seen?

A

On the face

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12
Q

Treatment of a BCC?

A

Complete excision of the lesion

No need for chemo, radiotherapy

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13
Q

What is telangiectasia?

A

Dilated capillaries that appear spidery and in clusters

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14
Q

What is a squamous cell carcinoma?

A

A more aggressive form of cancer that arises from the squamous cells of the skin

It is able to metastasise but this is rare

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15
Q

SCC is associated with pre-malignant lesions, name some?

A

Actinic keratosis

Bowen’s disease: psoriasis like lesions

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16
Q

Clinical presentation of SCC?

A

A solitary papule

Eroded in the centre, crusty, purulent or bleeding

Can be painful

17
Q

Treatment of SCC?

A

Wide excision

Radiotherapy sometimes also used to treat mets in lymph nodes

18
Q

Which sites are SCC more likely to metastasise:

  • sun-exposed
  • non-sun exposed?
A

Non-sun exposed sites are more likely to metastasise

19
Q

What is a malignant melanoma?

A

Malignancy of melanocytes

Highly malignant and fast at growing and metastasising

20
Q

What types of MM are there? Describe them?

A

Superficial: spreads across superficially surface of skin

Nodular: spreads downwards into skin

Lentigo maligna: large, flat lesion on face, varying colours

Acral: restricted to palms and soles

Amelanotic: no melanin, they are not dark lesions

21
Q

What features should you look for in a mole to assess its risk of being malignant?

A

ABCDE

Asymmetry
Border is irregular
Colour: more than one shade
Diameter greater than 7mm
Enlarging, elevation
22
Q

Where do MMs spread to?

A

Local lymph nodes

They may create local lesions

Other sites of the skin
Rarely internal organs

23
Q

Clinical features of MM?

A

Depends on the type

Unlike BCC and SCC, MM is usually pigmented: brown, black

Irregular lesion, think of ABCDE

24
Q

Treatment of MM?

A

Wide surgical excision

Sometimes radiotherapy follows

Biologic chemotherapies are starting to prove beneficial

Not a lot else

25
Q

What is the differential diagnosis of a changing pigmented lesion?

A

Benign melanocytic naevus (mole)

Seborrhoeic wart

Freckle

Pigmented BCC

Pyogenic granuloma

26
Q

What is a seborrheic wart?

A

They are benign growths due to a build up of ordinary skin cells.

Not caused by infection and do not become malignant

They appear rough, and range from golden brown to almost black

27
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

A benign overgrowth of the small blood vessels of the skin

Appear bright red-brown and can become crusty

Dermatology (9 decks)

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