Introduction

Question 1

How many layers of skin are there and what are they called?

Answer 1

3

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

Question 2

What structures are found in the dermis layer?

Answer 2

Hair follicle
Sweat gland
Blood + lymph vessels
Nerves

Question 3

If you stuck a needle into the skin and passed through the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer, what would it hit?

Answer 3

Muscle

Question 4

This layer is made up mostly of adipocytes.

What layer of skin is it?

Answer 4

Subcutaneous

Question 5

In this layer you will find fibroblasts, nerves and blood vessels.
What layer of skin is it?

Answer 5

Dermis

Question 6

In this layer there are keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhan’s cells.
What layer of skin is it?

Answer 6

Epidermis

Question 7

What do fibroblasts in the skin do?

Answer 7

Produce connective tissue: collagen, elastin

Question 8

What do keratinocytes do?

Answer 8

They produce keratin which is a protein that makes hair and nails

Question 9

What do melanocytes do?

Answer 9

Produce melanin, which is a pigment that gives skin, hair and eyes a dark colour

Question 10

What do Langerhan’s cells do in the skin?

Answer 10

They are antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells)

They have an immune role

Question 11

Name the layers of the epidermis from top (surface) to bottom?

Answer 11

CLGSB
Come, Lets Get Sun Burnt

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 12

List the functions of the skin?

Answer 12

Structural: body shape + conformation

Environmental protection

Fluid/electrolyte balance

Temperature control

Sensation

Sun protection + Vit D production

Question 13

Name some inflammatory skin diseases?

Answer 13

Psoriasis
Eczema
Acne
Lichen planus

Question 14

Name some metabolic skin diseases?

Answer 14

Inherited keratin and collagen disorders

Porphyria

Question 15

What is the definition of a metabolic disease?

Answer 15

A disease that occurs because of a deficiency in the production or function of an enzyme

Question 16

Name some skin neoplasias?

Answer 16

Benign: seborrheic warts, moles

Malignant: basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma

Question 17

Name some traumatic skin problems?

Answer 17

Ulcers
Burns
Erosions

Question 18

What is the difference between a cream and an ointment?

Answer 18

Creams = water based, they dry quickly once on the skin

Ointments = oil-based, they stay on the skin for longer

Question 19

What is an emollient?

Answer 19

A moisturiser

Question 20

What type of skin diseases are topical corticosteroids used for?

Answer 20

Inflammatory skin diseases, eczema,

Question 21

What do calcineurin inhibitors do? What are they used for?

Answer 21

They are locally immunosuppressive, so they work for localised eczema and acne

Question 22

Name a vitamin D analogue.

What are they used for?

Answer 22

Calcipotriol

Psoriasis

Question 23

What condition is tar used to treat?

Answer 23

Psoriasis

Question 24

What skin conditions can you treat with oral steroids?

Answer 24

Eczema
Blistering
Connective tissue disease
Vasculitis

Question 25

What is azathioprine? What is it used to treat? Is it given orally or topically?

Answer 25

An immunosuppressive systemic drug that is used treat severe eczema and other blistering diseases Given orally

Question 26

What do immunosuppressive drugs like methotrexate treat? Name some similar drugs used.

Answer 26

Psoriasis Eczema Ciclosporin Mycophenolate

Question 27

Which conditions are sometimes treated with biologics?

Answer 27

Psoriasis | Pemphigus

Question 28

What type of drugs are retinoids? What do they treat? Oral or topical?

Answer 28

They are compounds that are derived from vitamin A Used to treat acne and psoriasis Oral

Question 29

When taking a history of a person with a skin disorder, what is it vital to ask?

Answer 29

Treatments they've already tried Atopic? Any other conditions? Family history? Does their job / hobby expose them to any allergens, or increase their risk of skin cancer?

Question 30

Why is that having an indoor job can increase your risk of skin cancer?

Answer 30

Because you are always inside, your body is not used to receiving sunlight So when you go in sunlight it burns/gets damaged more easily

Question 31

What is a macule?

Answer 31

An area of skin that's different to surrounding areas but it is flat

Question 32

What is the difference between a papule and a nodule?

Answer 32

Papule = a small raised lesion Nodule = a larger raised lesion

Question 33

What is a pustule?

Answer 33

A fluid filled swelling, contains pus

Question 34

What is a blister?

Answer 34

A swelling which contains clear fluid

Question 35

What is the difference between a vesicle and a bulla?

Answer 35

``` Vesicle = small blister Bulla = large blister ```

Question 36

What is a plauqe?

Answer 36

A raised, scaly patch of skin

Question 37

What is an ulcer?

Answer 37

Discontinuity of the epitheial cell surface

Question 38

What is a cyst?

Answer 38

A lump under the skin, caused by a bag of fluid

Question 39

What is a weal?

Answer 39

A red, swollen mark left on skin

Question 40

What causes the scale associated with psoriasis?

Answer 40

Increase in normal shedding of skin