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Dermatology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers of skin are there and what are they called?

A

3

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

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2
Q

What structures are found in the dermis layer?

A

Hair follicle
Sweat gland
Blood + lymph vessels
Nerves

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3
Q

If you stuck a needle into the skin and passed through the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer, what would it hit?

A

Muscle

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4
Q

This layer is made up mostly of adipocytes.

What layer of skin is it?

A

Subcutaneous

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5
Q

In this layer you will find fibroblasts, nerves and blood vessels.
What layer of skin is it?

A

Dermis

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6
Q

In this layer there are keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhan’s cells.
What layer of skin is it?

A

Epidermis

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7
Q

What do fibroblasts in the skin do?

A

Produce connective tissue: collagen, elastin

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8
Q

What do keratinocytes do?

A

They produce keratin which is a protein that makes hair and nails

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9
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Produce melanin, which is a pigment that gives skin, hair and eyes a dark colour

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10
Q

What do Langerhan’s cells do in the skin?

A

They are antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells)

They have an immune role

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11
Q

Name the layers of the epidermis from top (surface) to bottom?

A

CLGSB
Come, Lets Get Sun Burnt

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
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12
Q

List the functions of the skin?

A

Structural: body shape + conformation

Environmental protection

Fluid/electrolyte balance

Temperature control

Sensation

Sun protection + Vit D production

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13
Q

Name some inflammatory skin diseases?

A

Psoriasis
Eczema
Acne
Lichen planus

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14
Q

Name some metabolic skin diseases?

A

Inherited keratin and collagen disorders

Porphyria

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15
Q

What is the definition of a metabolic disease?

A

A disease that occurs because of a deficiency in the production or function of an enzyme

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16
Q

Name some skin neoplasias?

A

Benign: seborrheic warts, moles

Malignant: basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma

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17
Q

Name some traumatic skin problems?

A

Ulcers
Burns
Erosions

18
Q

What is the difference between a cream and an ointment?

A

Creams = water based, they dry quickly once on the skin

Ointments = oil-based, they stay on the skin for longer

19
Q

What is an emollient?

A

A moisturiser

20
Q

What type of skin diseases are topical corticosteroids used for?

A

Inflammatory skin diseases, eczema,

21
Q

What do calcineurin inhibitors do? What are they used for?

A

They are locally immunosuppressive, so they work for localised eczema and acne

22
Q

Name a vitamin D analogue.

What are they used for?

A

Calcipotriol

Psoriasis

23
Q

What condition is tar used to treat?

A

Psoriasis

24
Q

What skin conditions can you treat with oral steroids?

A

Eczema
Blistering
Connective tissue disease
Vasculitis

25
Q

What is azathioprine?
What is it used to treat?
Is it given orally or topically?

A

An immunosuppressive systemic drug that is used treat severe eczema and other blistering diseases

Given orally

26
Q

What do immunosuppressive drugs like methotrexate treat?

Name some similar drugs used.

A

Psoriasis
Eczema

Ciclosporin
Mycophenolate

27
Q

Which conditions are sometimes treated with biologics?

A

Psoriasis

Pemphigus

28
Q

What type of drugs are retinoids?

What do they treat?
Oral or topical?

A

They are compounds that are derived from vitamin A

Used to treat acne and psoriasis

Oral

29
Q

When taking a history of a person with a skin disorder, what is it vital to ask?

A

Treatments they’ve already tried

Atopic?
Any other conditions?
Family history?

Does their job / hobby expose them to any allergens, or increase their risk of skin cancer?

30
Q

Why is that having an indoor job can increase your risk of skin cancer?

A

Because you are always inside, your body is not used to receiving sunlight

So when you go in sunlight it burns/gets damaged more easily

31
Q

What is a macule?

A

An area of skin that’s different to surrounding areas but it is flat

32
Q

What is the difference between a papule and a nodule?

A

Papule = a small raised lesion

Nodule = a larger raised lesion

33
Q

What is a pustule?

A

A fluid filled swelling, contains pus

34
Q

What is a blister?

A

A swelling which contains clear fluid

35
Q

What is the difference between a vesicle and a bulla?

A 
Vesicle = small blister
Bulla = large blister
36
Q

What is a plauqe?

A

A raised, scaly patch of skin

37
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Discontinuity of the epitheial cell surface

38
Q

What is a cyst?

A

A lump under the skin, caused by a bag of fluid

39
Q

What is a weal?

A

A red, swollen mark left on skin

40
Q

What causes the scale associated with psoriasis?

A

Increase in normal shedding of skin

Dermatology (9 decks)

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