skin cancer

Question 1

3 types of skin cancer

Answer 1

basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma

Question 2

what does basal cell carcinoma look like

Answer 2

pearly/waxy bump or flat brown lesion

most easily treated form and the LEAST likely to spread

Question 3

squamous cell carcinoma what does it appear like

Answer 3

firm red pimple/nodule or scaly patch

treated if detected - more likely to spread the BCC

Question 4

appearance of a melanoma

Answer 4

existing mole that bleeds, itchies or changes shape and colour - usually large and brown patch or smaller spot with black red or white speckles

needs to be diagnosed early and spreads easily

Question 5

what type of skin cancer is the most spreadable and needs to be diagnosed early

Answer 5

melanoma

Question 6

important risk factors for skin cancer

Answer 6

UV exposure ++
Family history of skin cancer
Fair hair/complexion, lots of freckles
Previous skin Cancer or other Cancer
Immunosuppression – medications
Lots of moles (benign melanocytic naevi) >50 moles = high risk

Question 7

what do melanomas look like

Asymmetry 
Border
Colour
Diameter 
Evolving

Answer 7

asymmetrical 
border are not even 
multiple colours
larger than 1/4 inch 
changing in and evolving

Question 8

what is the most common skin malignancy

Answer 8

BCC

Question 9

risk factors for BCC

for cell type

Answer 9

UV and sun exposure damaging DNA in keratinocytes

potentially come from stratum basale - cells become lodged in the epidermis

Question 10

do BCC metastisize?

Answer 10

no but then can become locally invasive

Question 11

sings and symptoms fo a BCC

Answer 11

Small crusts and non-healing wounds

Non-healing scabs

PEARLY ( shiny- reflection)
papules/plaques – “rodent ulcer”

TELANGIECTASIAS- Telangiectasias (commonly known as “spider veins”) are dilated or broken blood vessels located near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.

ROLLED BORDERS

Question 12

how do you diagnose a BCC

Answer 12

shave or punch biopsy

2week referral

Question 13

treatment for BCC

Answer 13

topical fluroruracil

surgery if larger than 4mm margins

Question 14

what does seborrheic keratoses present as

grandad

Answer 14

basal cell papilloma
senile wart
brown
barnacle

Question 15

the most second common non-melonaoma skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma is it the most common skin cancer for those on immunsuppresion

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

risk factors for SCC

Answer 16

sun

radiation - burns , red ink tattoo , HPV

Question 17

what cell is affected in SCC

Answer 17

keratinocytes

Question 18

sings and symptoms fo SCC

Answer 18

Wound originally caused by trauma, not healing

Bleeding

Itching

Crusting

Erythematous papules or plaques
– tend to be redder!

Question 19

diagnosis for SCC

Answer 19

biopsy and 2 week referral

Question 20

treatment for SCC

Answer 20

surgical

radiotherpay or chemo

Question 21

what is the least common skin cancer but is the deadliest

Answer 21

melanoma - genetic and uv

Question 22

what cells cause melanomas

Answer 22

melanocytes - tend to metastasize

Question 23

signs and symptoms of melanomas

ABCDE criteria

Answer 23

Altered pigmented lesion (ABCDE criteria)

Person with >50 moles, one is odd one out

RF
Fam Hx
Sun exposure +
Pale skin (Fitzpatrick skin type 1-2), freckles, hair colour
Immunosuppressed
PMH melanoma/Ca

Question 24

types of melanoma

Answer 24

superficial spreading melanoma - most common

nodular melanoma - 2nd most common - lack the c criteria as same colour as skin not pigmented

Question 25

treatment for melanoma follows steps

Answer 25

remove tumour and prevent recurrence
staging
remove any affect LNs
immunotherapy