Skin, Bone Tissue, Axillary Skelton Flashcards
What is the Integumentary system
Consists of the skin and accessory organs; hair, nails, and cutaneous glands.
What is the most vulnerable organ?
Skin
What is Dermatology
Scientific study and medical treatment of the integumentary system
What is the largest and heaviest organ?
Skin
Layers of the skin
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
Thick skin covers what?
Front of hands and bottoms of feet
What are the 5 epidermal cell types?
Stem Cells, Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Tactile cells, and Dendritic cells
what is an organ?
a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to preform a particular function
What is tissue?
A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit
What is histology
Study of the microscopic structure of tissues
What is basal?
Forming or belonging to a bottom layer or base
What is apical surface?
It lines the lumen of sac- and tube shaped organs and the inner surfaces of the body cavities
What are the 4 primary tissue classes?
connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
What is the function of the epithelial tissue?
protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.
What are the functions of the connective tissue
supporting organs and cells, transporting nutrients and waste, defending against pathogen, storing fat, and repairing damaged tissues
What does Keratinized mean
the process in which the outermost cells of the epidermis in vertebrates are replaced by cells containing keratin
What is nonkeratinized mean
Type of stratified squamous epithelium that lacks the protein keratin in the cells
What are the classes of the connective tissue
Blood, Bone, Cartilage, Connective tissue proper
What are the fibers of the connective tissues?
Collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers
Brown adipose tissue is
A distinct type of fat that is activated in response to cold temps
What is white adipose tissue
The predominant type of fat in the human body, its an energy storage
What are the three type of cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage
What is hyaline cartilage
Most common type of cartilage in your body, it lines your joints and caps the ends of your bones
what is Elastic cartilage
It is the most flexible cartilage. supports parts of your body that need to bend and move to function
What is fibrocartilage
Provides structural support for the musculoskeletal system
What is Osteon
It’s a cylindrical vascular tunnel formed by an osteoclast-rich tissue
Blood function
transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues
What are the neurons functions
Send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking
What are glial cells
provides physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment
Three types of muscle tissue
cardiac, smooth, and skeletal
What is pluripotent
Capable of giving rise to several different cell types
What is a multipotent stem cells
It has the ability to differentiate into all cell types within one particular lineage
What is a Unipotent
Can only produce one cell type but have the property of self-renewal that distinguishes them from non-stem cells
The integumentary system includes
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis, Associated glams, Hair, and Nails
The cells of the epidermis is
Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans’ cells
merkel’s cell
What is the life cycle of a keratinocyte
Theyre born in the basal layer, until they die and detach from the epidermis in the superficial layer
Darkly pigmented skin
They have high amounts of melanin found in their skin
Other pigments that can influence skin color
Red, Blue, Yellow-Orange, and brown
What are the three types of Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma
What is Basal cell carcinoma
Abnormal, uncontrolled growth of basal cells
What is squamous cell carcoinoma
Overproduction of squamous cells in your epidermis (top layer of skin)
What is melanoma
It begins in the cells known as melanocytes
What is Osteology
Study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures
What are long bones
Hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure and mobility
what are flat bones
Made up a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bones
What is spongy bones
Lighter and less dense than compact bones
What are compact bones
Forms the hard, dense outer layer of bones throughout the human body
The four different bone cells are, and what are the function
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteroclasts, and bone lining cells. Responsible for the growing, shaping and maintenance of bones
Osteons in compact bones
cylindrical structures that contain a mineral matrix and living osteocytes connected by canaliculi which transport blood.
Red vs Yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow creates blood cells and platelets for your blood. Yellow bone marrow consists mostly of fat and stem cells that produce bone and cartilage in your body
What is intramembranous ossification
The direct conversion of mesenchymal tissue into bone
What is endochondral ossification
involves the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue
How does calcitriol effects the levels of calcium in the blood
Cause increased calcium absorption from the kidneys and bone
How does calcitonin effects the levels of calcium in the blood
Reduces the calcium levels in the systemic circulation
How does parathyroid hormone effects the levels of calcium in the blood
Raises calcium levels by releasing calcium from your bones
What is osteoporosis?
Bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases
