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anatomy > Skin, Bone Tissue, Axillary Skelton > Flashcards

Skin, Bone Tissue, Axillary Skelton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Integumentary system

A

Consists of the skin and accessory organs; hair, nails, and cutaneous glands.

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2
Q

What is the most vulnerable organ?

A

Skin

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3
Q

What is Dermatology

A

Scientific study and medical treatment of the integumentary system

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4
Q

What is the largest and heaviest organ?

A

Skin

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5
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

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6
Q

Thick skin covers what?

A

Front of hands and bottoms of feet

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7
Q

What are the 5 epidermal cell types?

A

Stem Cells, Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Tactile cells, and Dendritic cells

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8
Q

what is an organ?

A

a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to preform a particular function

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9
Q

What is tissue?

A

A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit

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10
Q

What is histology

A

Study of the microscopic structure of tissues

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11
Q

What is basal?

A

Forming or belonging to a bottom layer or base

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12
Q

What is apical surface?

A

It lines the lumen of sac- and tube shaped organs and the inner surfaces of the body cavities

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13
Q

What are the 4 primary tissue classes?

A

connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue

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14
Q

What is the function of the epithelial tissue?

A

protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.

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15
Q

What are the functions of the connective tissue

A

supporting organs and cells, transporting nutrients and waste, defending against pathogen, storing fat, and repairing damaged tissues

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16
Q

What does Keratinized mean

A

the process in which the outermost cells of the epidermis in vertebrates are replaced by cells containing keratin

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17
Q

What is nonkeratinized mean

A

Type of stratified squamous epithelium that lacks the protein keratin in the cells

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18
Q

What are the classes of the connective tissue

A

Blood, Bone, Cartilage, Connective tissue proper

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19
Q

What are the fibers of the connective tissues?

A

Collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers

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20
Q

Brown adipose tissue is

A

A distinct type of fat that is activated in response to cold temps

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21
Q

What is white adipose tissue

A

The predominant type of fat in the human body, its an energy storage

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22
Q

What are the three type of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage

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23
Q

What is hyaline cartilage

A

Most common type of cartilage in your body, it lines your joints and caps the ends of your bones

24
Q

what is Elastic cartilage

A

It is the most flexible cartilage. supports parts of your body that need to bend and move to function

25
Q

What is fibrocartilage

A

Provides structural support for the musculoskeletal system

26
Q

What is Osteon

A

It’s a cylindrical vascular tunnel formed by an osteoclast-rich tissue

27
Q

Blood function

A

transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues

28
Q

What are the neurons functions

A

Send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking

29
Q

What are glial cells

A

provides physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment

30
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

cardiac, smooth, and skeletal

31
Q

What is pluripotent

A

Capable of giving rise to several different cell types

32
Q

What is a multipotent stem cells

A

It has the ability to differentiate into all cell types within one particular lineage

33
Q

What is a Unipotent

A

Can only produce one cell type but have the property of self-renewal that distinguishes them from non-stem cells

34
Q

The integumentary system includes

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis, Associated glams, Hair, and Nails

35
Q

The cells of the epidermis is

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans’ cells
merkel’s cell

36
Q

What is the life cycle of a keratinocyte

A

Theyre born in the basal layer, until they die and detach from the epidermis in the superficial layer

37
Q

Darkly pigmented skin

A

They have high amounts of melanin found in their skin

38
Q

Other pigments that can influence skin color

A

Red, Blue, Yellow-Orange, and brown

39
Q

What are the three types of Skin Cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma

40
Q

What is Basal cell carcinoma

A

Abnormal, uncontrolled growth of basal cells

41
Q

What is squamous cell carcoinoma

A

Overproduction of squamous cells in your epidermis (top layer of skin)

42
Q

What is melanoma

A

It begins in the cells known as melanocytes

43
Q

What is Osteology

A

Study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures

44
Q

What are long bones

A

Hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure and mobility

45
Q

what are flat bones

A

Made up a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bones

46
Q

What is spongy bones

A

Lighter and less dense than compact bones

47
Q

What are compact bones

A

Forms the hard, dense outer layer of bones throughout the human body

48
Q

The four different bone cells are, and what are the function

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteroclasts, and bone lining cells. Responsible for the growing, shaping and maintenance of bones

49
Q

Osteons in compact bones

A

cylindrical structures that contain a mineral matrix and living osteocytes connected by canaliculi which transport blood.

50
Q

Red vs Yellow bone marrow

A

Red bone marrow creates blood cells and platelets for your blood. Yellow bone marrow consists mostly of fat and stem cells that produce bone and cartilage in your body

51
Q

What is intramembranous ossification

A

The direct conversion of mesenchymal tissue into bone

52
Q

What is endochondral ossification

A

involves the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue

53
Q

How does calcitriol effects the levels of calcium in the blood

A

Cause increased calcium absorption from the kidneys and bone

54
Q

How does calcitonin effects the levels of calcium in the blood

A

Reduces the calcium levels in the systemic circulation

55
Q

How does parathyroid hormone effects the levels of calcium in the blood

A

Raises calcium levels by releasing calcium from your bones

56
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases

anatomy (2 decks)

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