skin and wound infection Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Lyme disease is the most common

A

vector-borne disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

transmitted via

A

a bite from an infected black-legged Ixodes tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gram + or -

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

spirochete

A

thin, tightly coiled, helically shaped bacteria
- have an outer membrane contained LPS
-posses endoflagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

main reservoir

A

white footed mouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bacteria that causes Lyme disease

A

borrelia burgdorferi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pathogenesis of Lyme disease

A

tick feeds on animal
grows to maturity (nymph)
feeds on human (accidental host)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stage 1 Lyme disease

A

erythema migraines
- bulls eye rash
- flu-like symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stage 2 Lyme disease

A

injury to nervous and cardiac systems
-dizzy spells, fainting, difficulty concentrating
- paralysis of face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stage 3 Lyme disease

A

immune response damages host tissue
- arthritis with severe joint pain and swelling (knees)
- sometimes meningitis or encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

treatment and prevention of lyme disease

A

antibiotics treat first stage
- no available vaccine for humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm
-scaly skin in the center surrounded by a raised red margin that occur on smooth skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tinea capitis

A

ringworm
- severe cases affect scalp and hair-bearing regions of head causing patchy areas of hair loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dermatophytes that cause ringworm, athlete’s foot, and toenail fungus

A

epidermophyton, microsporum, and trichophyton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tinea pedis

A

athletes foot
- scaly itchy rash between toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tinea unguium

A

nail fungus
- more common in elderly
-chronic infection of the nails
- infected nails of the hands and feet become thickened, yellow, and brittle

17
Q

clostridium tetani

A

endospore-former
-gram positive rods
- obligate anaerobe
enter the body and germinate in damaged/necrotic tissue

18
Q

symptoms of tetanus (C. tetani)

A

prolonged contraction of muscles

19
Q

tetanospasmin

A

A type of A-B exotoxin
- taken up by inhibitory neurons where it prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA)
- GABA cannot end contraction

20
Q

tetany

A

muscles receive constant stimuli and contract uncontrollably
-death usually results from respiratory failure

21
Q

treatment of tetanus

A

muscle relaxants, supportive care necessary
- human tetanus immune globulin injection
- antibodies bind to free toxin molecules, provide passive immunity

22
Q

prevention of tetanus

A

DTaP vaccine
- contains toxoid (inactivated tetannospasmin)
-requires boosters
tetanus is the only non-contagious disease we routinely vaccinate against

23
Q

clostridium perfringens causes

A

gas gangrene

24
Q

gas gangrene signs and symptoms

A

severe pain
thin bloody or brownish exudate leaks from wound
gas bubble in tissue
overlying skin stretched tight and mottled with black

25
Q

C. perfringens

A

spore former
gram positive rods
obligate anaerobe

26
Q

C. perfringens virulence factors

A

alpha toxin destroy PMNs, RBCs, and muscle tissue, causing myonecrosis
- highly invasive (produces enzymes that break down extracellular matrix)
- fermentation of tissue carbohydrates, lipids and proteins yields gas –> gas bubbles

27
Q

treatment of isa gangrene

A

prompt debridement of disease tissue and amputation of al devitalized tissue

28
Q

measles is caused by

A

rubeola virus (enveloped)

29
Q

measles epidemiology

A

humans are the reservoir
transmission: respiratory droplet nuclei (airborne transmission)
most contagious of the vaccine-preventable diseases

30
Q

measles signs and symptoms

A

high fever
cough, coryza (nasal inflammation), conjunctivitis (swollen, red, weepy eyes)
kopek spots (white spots on inner cheek)
rash

31
Q

complication of measles

A

viral pneumonia and encephalitis
secondary infections lead to ear infections and bacterial pneumonia

32
Q

MMR vaccine

A

prevents measles, mumps, and rubella
- live attenuated vaccine

33
Q

rubella epidemiology

A

reservoir : humans
transmission: airborne respiratory droplet nuclei and vertical transmission
groups at risk
- school aged children
- most severe in neonates (congenital rubella syndrome)

34
Q

rubella signs/symptoms

A

widespread faint, shorter-lived red macular rash
not associated with Koplik spots
lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)

35
Q

congenital rubella syndrome

A

crosses the placenta in 1st trimester
- still born
-spontaneous abortion
- birth defects : deafness, hear defects, brain damage

36
Q

all herpes viruses

A

have double-stranded DNA genomes
enveloped
establish latency (never go away, can be reactivated)

37
Q

varicella epidemiology

A

transmission:
-respiratory droplet nuclei
-direct skin contact
- vertical transmission
most severe in babies

38
Q

shingles differs from varicella in

A

rash pattern (along dermatome)
pain level
duration (can last up to a month)

39
Q

varicella vaccine

A

live attenuated vaccine
often combined with MMR