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dermatology > Skin and Systemic Disease > Flashcards

Skin and Systemic Disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is Curth’s postulates?

A

Are a well-known set of clinical criteria to help evaluate the relationship between underlying malignancy and a specific dermatological condition

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2
Q

What are some skin signs of GI disease?

A

GI genetic:

  • Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
  • Blur rubber bleb naevus
    • Sign of GI haemorrhage

GI inflammatory/autoimmune:

  • Erythema nodosum
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
    • IBD

Vitamin deficiency:

  • Scurvy/beriberi
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3
Q

What are some skin signs of GI genetic diseases?

A
  • Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
  • Blur rubber bleb naevus
    • Sign of GI haemorrhage
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4
Q

What is blur rubber bleb naevus a sign of?

A
  • Sign of GI haemorrhage
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5
Q

What are some skin signs of GI inflammatory/autoimmune disease?

A
  • Erythema nodosum
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
    • IBD
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6
Q

What is pyoderma gangrenosum a sign of?

A

IBD

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7
Q

What is a skin sign of vitamin deficiency?

A
  • Scurvy/beriberi
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8
Q

What are some skin signs of diabetes?

A
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Diabetic bullae
  • Diabetic dermopathy
  • Eruptive xanthomas
  • Necrobiosis lipiodica
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9
Q

What is a skin sign of hyperthroidism?

A

Thyroid acropachy

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10
Q

What is a skin sign of hypothyroidism?

A
  • Pre-tibial myxoedema
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11
Q

What are some examples of autoimmune diseases than have skin signs?

A

Cutaneous lupus

Vasculitic rashes

Alopecia

Vitiligo

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12
Q

What are some skin presentations of cutaneous lupus?

A
  • Butterfly rash
  • Plaques with clear margins
  • Photosensitivity
  • Negative antibodies
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13
Q

What is the most common kind of vasculitic rashes?

A
  • Small vessel vasculitis (commonest)
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14
Q

What is the full name of alopecia?

A
  • alopecia areata
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15
Q

What is the pathology of alopecia?

A
  • T lymphocyte, cytokine rejection of hair
    • Totalis
    • Universalis
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16
Q

What are the different kinds of alopecia?

A

Alopecia totalis (entire scalp)

Alopecia universalis (all body hair)

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17
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches

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18
Q

What is the pathology of vitiligo?

A

Destruction of melanocytes

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19
Q

Some skin conditions have stronger associations with underlying malignancy, what are some examples of underlying malignancy with skin signs?

A
  • Carcinoid syndrome
  • Ectopic ACTH
  • Pagets disease
  • Paraneoplastic pemphigus
  • Acquired hypertrichosis
  • Erythema gyratum repens
  • Bazex syndrome
  • Leser trelat
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20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of carcinoid syndrome?

A
  • Episodic flushing, lasting minutes to hours
    • No sweating, until menopause
  • Facial telangiectasia (distorted blood vessels)
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21
Q

What is telangiectasia?

A

Distorted blood vessels

22
Q

What is carcinoid syndrome?

A

Paraneoplastic syndrome comprising the signs and symptoms that occur secondary to carcinoid tumors

23
Q

What is a paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

A syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) that is the consequence of cancer in the body specifically due to the production of chemical signalling molecules (such as hormones or cytokines) by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor

24
Q

What is a syndrome?

A

Set of symptoms and signs

25
Q

What is ectopic ACTH syndrome?

A

Caused by nonpituitary tumors that secrete either adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and/or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cause bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

26
Q

Explain the pathogenesis of ectopic ACTH syndrome?

A
  • Tumour production of ACTH leads to generalised hyperpigmentation
  • ACTH -> increased MSH -> release of melanin from melanocytes
27
Q

What are the different kinds of Paget’s disease?

A

Paget’s disease

Extra-mammary paget’s disease

28
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Paget’s disease?

A
  • Eczematous plaque (nipple/areola)
  • Extension of underlying ductal
29
Q

What is the clinical presentation of extra-mammary paget’s disease?

A
  • Usually axilla or ano-genital areas
  • Intraepithelial adenoca in ¾ of cases
30
Q

What is acquired hypertrichosis lanuginose?

A
  • Acute onset of lanugo hairs at face and body
31
Q

Describe the lesions due to erythema gyratum repens?

A

Concentric erythematous lesions

32
Q

What is erythema gyratum repens associated with?

A
  • Associated with lung cancer > oesophageal, breast
  • Very rarely with mycobacterial infection, pregnancy
33
Q

What is bazex syndrome?

A
  • Symmetrical hyperkeratosis of extremities
    • Acrokeratosis neoplastica
  • Resembled psoriasis
34
Q

What malignancy is Bazex syndrome most commonly associated with?

A
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • Bronchial, oropharyngeal, gastric, colon, biliary adenocarcinomas
35
Q

What is Leser-trelat?

A
  • Eruptive seborrheic keratosis
36
Q

What malignancy is Leser-trelat associated with?

A
  • GI adenocarcinomas
37
Q

What are some skin conditions associated with cancer?

A
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Dermatomyositis
38
Q

How is acanthosis nigricans associated with cancer?

A
  • Can preceed malignancy (gastric adenocarcinoma)
39
Q

What malignancy does acanthosis nigricans often preceed?

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

40
Q

When should you be concerned about a patient with acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • Can preceed malignancy (gastric adenocarcinoma)
  • Concern if
    • Older patient, rapid onset
    • Involves lips
    • Weight loss
41
Q

What is dermatomyositis?

A
  • Inflammatory myopathy and rash
    • Periorbital heliotrope rash
    • Gottrons papules
      • Red maculo-papular lesions over bony prominances
    • Shawl sign
    • Photosensitive
    • Associated with ovarian, breast, lung carcinoma
42
Q

What is the clinical presentation of dermatomyositis?

A
  • Inflammatory myopathy and rash
    • Periorbital heliotrope rash
    • Gottrons papules
      • Red maculo-papular lesions over bony prominances
    • Shawl sign
    • Photosensitive
    • Associated with ovarian, breast, lung carcinoma
43
Q

What malignancy is dermatomyositis often associated with?

A
  • Associated with ovarian, breast, lung carcinoma
44
Q

Describe the lesions due to dermatomyositis?

A
  • Periorbital heliotrope rash
  • Gottrons papules
    • Red maculo-papular lesions over bony prominances
45
Q

What are some skin conditions that may be associated with malignancy?

A
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Bullous pemphgoid
  • Sweets syndrome
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
  • Acquired ichthyosis
  • Cyroglobulinaemia
46
Q

What are some examples of genetic tumour syndromes?

A
  • Peutz-Jeghers
    • Melanosis, colon hamartomas, colon cancer
  • Muir-torre
    • Sebaceous tumours, keratoacanthomas, GI, breast, GU
  • Neurofibromatosis
    • Café au late, ax freckles, neurofibromas, nerve sheath, carinoid
  • MEN syndromes
    • Angiofibromas, neuromas, lichen or macular amyloid (MEN2), endocrine)
  • Howel-evans
47
Q

What cancers compose Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

A
  • Melanosis, colon hamartomas, colon cancer
48
Q

What cancers compose Muir-torre syndrome?

A
  • Sebaceous tumours, keratoacanthomas, GI, breast, GU
49
Q

What cancers compose neurofibromatosis syndrome?

A

Café au late, ax freckles, neurofibromas, nerve sheath, carinoid

50
Q

What cancers compose MEN syndromes?

A
  • Angiofibromas, neuromas, lichen or macular amyloid (MEN2), endocrine)

dermatology (11 decks)

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