Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z MD1 Intersystems > Skin and soft tissue infection > Flashcards

Skin and soft tissue infection Flashcards

1
Q

why is the skin intrinsically resistant to infection

A
  • low water content
  • low pH
  • low temp
  • high salt
  • fats and FAs have antimicrobial properites
  • microbiota
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the common skin microbiota

A
  • staph epidermidis
  • staph aureus
  • diptheroids
  • streptococci
  • some gram bacilli (pseudomonas)
  • anaerobes
  • yeasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the main bacteria that cause skin and soft tissue infections

A 
Staph aureus
strep pygogenes
clostridia
psuedomonas sp.
other gram -ves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the main fungi that cause skin and soft tissue infections

A

candida and filamentous fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the main parasites that cause skin and soft tissue infections

A

Leishmania
schistosomes
hookworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the main antrhopods that cause skin and soft tissue infections

A

insects, ticks, mites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the main viruses that cause skin and soft tissue infections

A
  • HSV
  • VZV
  • HPV
  • measles
  • rubella
  • enteroviruses
  • parvovirus
    molluscum contagiosum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the bacterial localised infections of soft tissue and skin

A

folliculitis

abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the bacterial spreading infections of soft tissue and skin

A

impetigo

cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the bacteria necrotising infections of soft tissue and skin

A

fasciitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common cause of folliculitis

A

staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the proper name of a boil

A

furuncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the important staph species that causes UTI

A

staph saphrophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can you tell the difference in culture of staph aureus and staph epidermidis

A

aureus - coagulase positive

epidermidis - coagulase negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

primary defense against staph aureus is via which arm of the immune system

A

innate - neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

explain the pathogenesis of staph aureus

A
  • binds via adhesins
  • inhibits chemotaxis via CHIPS
  • inhibits phagocytosis
  • if ingested - can resist killing
  • biofim formation
  • abscess formation
17
Q

what substances does staph aureus make that allows it to inhibit phagocytosis

A
  • capsule
  • protein A (binds Fc end of Ab)
  • staphylokinase
  • complement inhibitors
  • haemolysins and leukocidins - kill neutrophils
18
Q

community acquired MRSA is commonly associated with which virulence factor

A

Panton-Valentine leukocidin

19
Q

what is impetigo

A

an infection of the epidermis characterised by bullous, crusted or pustular lesions

20
Q

impetigo is caused by…

A

staph aureus or Strep pyogenes

staph aureus = bullous impetigo

21
Q

what is erysipelas

A

a rapidly spreading superficial erythematous infection with well defined borders, plus pain and fever

22
Q

what is the difference between erysipelas and cellulitis

A

cellulitis also involves the subcutaneous fat

23
Q

what is the main cause of erysipelas and cellulitis

A

Strep pyogenes

24
Q

most common causes of necrotising

A

strep pyogenes and anaerobes (including Clostridium)

25
Q

most common cause of gas gangrene

A

Clostridia

26
Q

what are the substances produced by strep pyogenes that help it evade the innate immune system

A
  • M protein, capsule = antiphagocytic
  • leukocidal toxins
  • DNAse - overcomes NETS
  • C5a peptidase - evades C’
27
Q

how does strep pyogenes cause damage

A
  • direct cytolethal toxins and enzymes
  • superantigens
  • activation of autoimmunity
28
Q

explain structure of clostridia

A

gram positive rods, anaerobe, spore-forming

29
Q

what things would you perform on a skin swab of someone with a skin/soft tissue infection

A
  • nucleic acid testing (viruses)
  • microscopy (gram stain - bacteria)
  • culture and identification
  • antimicrobial susceptibility testing (bacteria)
30
Q

treatment of impetigo

A

soap and water + mupirocin (if mild) or flucloxacillin/dicloxacillin (if more severe) - (unless strep pyogenes alone)

31
Q

treatment of cellulitis

A

flucloxacillin or dicloxacillin (unless Strep pyogenes alone)

32
Q

treatment of gas gangrene

A

surgery + penicillin G +/- hyperbaric oxygen

33
Q

treatment of diabetic foot ulcer

A

co-amoxyclav + metronidazole

Z MD1 Intersystems (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions