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FINALS - Infection and Immunity > Skin and Soft Tissue Infection > Flashcards

Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main ways of classifying skin and soft tissue infections?

A

by microbe or by anatomy

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2
Q

what are the possible microbes for skin and soft tissue infection?

A

bacteria, virus, fungi

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3
Q

what are the possible anatomy zones for skin and soft tissue infections?

A

superficial and deeper tissues

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4
Q

describe staph aureus

A

cocci, gram positive and clumps like grapes

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5
Q

what is the virulence factor of staph aureus

A

panton valentine leukocidin toxin (Kills white blood cells)

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6
Q

name a disease of staph aureus

A

angular cheilitis (inflammation at angles of mouth)

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7
Q

what is a clone

A

any organism whose genetic information is identical to that of a present organism from which it was created

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8
Q

what is the microscopic effect of panton-valentine leukocidin?

A

it is excreted from the cells into the environment as sub-units and when they hit their target they form pores which attack white cells

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9
Q

what is the clinical effect of PVL positive s aureus

A

lead to necrotising pneumonia in young people and also gives recurrent skin infections which look like spider bites

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10
Q

describe strep pyogenes

A

gram positive cocci in chains

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11
Q

what is the virulence factor of strep pyogenes

A

superantigens and toxic shock syndrome

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12
Q

what do superantigens do?

A

cause dysregulation of immune response in proportion to the amount of antigen released by bacteria

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13
Q

what disease does strep pyogenes cause

A

cellulitis

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14
Q

describe strep anginosus

A

gram positive cocci in chains/clumps

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15
Q

what is the virulence factor of strep anginosus

A

intermedilysin (cytotoxin) causing lysis of the cell

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16
Q

name a disease caused by strep anginosus

A

fistula of pus from necrotic dental pulp or periapical periodontitis

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17
Q

describe anaerobes

A

gram positive, grains of rice, clostridium welchii

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18
Q

what is the virulence factor for anaerobes?

A

alpha toxin (lecithinase)

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19
Q

what does lecithinase do?

A

break down lecithin which is a fatty acid in our cell membranes

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20
Q

what is the nagler reaction used for?

A

to detect alpha toxin and help confirm identity of C welchii

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21
Q

give a disease which anaerobes cause

A

gas gangrene

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22
Q

describe HSV

A

nuclear capsule surrounded by lipid membrane

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23
Q

give the virulence factor for HSV

A

cell lysis

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24
Q

what disease does HSV cause?

A

herpes

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25
Q

describe candida albicans

A

larger than bacteria, yeast cells

26
Q

what is the virulence factor of candida albicans?

A

phospholipase which breaks down phospholipids in our cells

27
Q

what disease does candida albicans cause?

A

erythematous candidosis

28
Q

what is impetigo

A

epidermal infection

29
Q

what is the cause of impetigo

A

strep pyogenes

30
Q

describe chicken pox

A

viral infection with red bumps

31
Q

what is the cause of chicken pox

A

varicella zoster

32
Q

name some infections of the epidermis

A

angular cheilitis, impetigo, chicken pox

33
Q

name an infection of the dermis

A

erysipelas

34
Q

describe erysipelas

A

butterfly erythema

35
Q

what causes erysipelas

A

strep pyogenes

36
Q

name some infections of the hair follicles

A

folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncles

37
Q

what is folliculitis

A

discharge emerging from the follicle itself

38
Q

what is the cause of folliculitis

A

staph aureus

39
Q

what is a furuncle

A

deeper involvement and more widespread involvement - a boil

40
Q

what is the cause of furuncles

A

staph aureus

41
Q

what is a carbuncle

A

multiple headed boil which is difficult to treat

42
Q

what is the cause of a carbuncle

A

staph aureus

43
Q

name an infection of the subcutaneous fat

A

cellulitis

44
Q

what causes cellulitis

A

strep pyogenes and staph aureus sometimes

45
Q

what bacteria causes a severe odontogenic infection

A

strep anginosus

46
Q

name an infection of the fascia

A

necrotising fasciitis

47
Q

what is necrotising fasciitis

A

involvement of the fascia around muscle planes

48
Q

what is the cause of necrotising fasciitis

A

staph aureus/strep pyogenes and anaerobes

49
Q

name an infection of the musle

A

myonecrosis or gangrene

50
Q

what is gangrene

A

areas of bubbling due to gas production

51
Q

what is the cause of gangrene?

A

clostridium welchii (anaerobe)

52
Q

what is the clinical description of a surgical wound infection and what bacteria causes this?

A

cardinal signs of infection including redness, swollen, painful, loss of function - staph aureus

53
Q

what are the treatment principles

A

diagnosis, surgical debridement, microbiological specimens, antibiotics, review

54
Q

what is surgical debridement

A

surgical incision to allow pus to drain out and then collect microbiological specimen to send to the lab

55
Q

what does flucloxacillin treat

A

MSSA (staph aureus which is meticillin sensitive)

56
Q

what does vancomycin treat?

A

MRSA (staph aureus which is meticillin resistant)

57
Q

what does pencillin treat

A

S pyogenes and S anginosus

58
Q

how do you treat a localised dental abscess?

A

surgical treatment only

59
Q

how do you treat a dental abscess with systemic signs and symptoms

A

penicillin and review

60
Q

how do you treat a severe odontogenic infection

A

hospital based treatment to include IV benzal penicillin and metronidazole

61
Q

overall, how do you manage infections

A

combination of surgical and antimicrobials

FINALS - Infection and Immunity (5 decks)

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