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Spot test 2 control > skin and sensory receptors > Flashcards

skin and sensory receptors Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skin

A

Protection - barrier
Regulation - sweating
Endocrine - Vit D absorption
sensory input - mechanical, temp, noxious

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2
Q

classifications of the skin

A

thin or thick depending of thickness of epidermis

generally thin skin has hair follicles, thick skin is GLABROUS

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3
Q

where is thick skin located on humans

A

palms of hand, soles of feet, lips, labia, glans of penis

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4
Q

what is the epidermis of the skin

A

keratinised stratified squamous

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5
Q

what are the 5 laters of thick skin (starting deep)

A 
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Glanulosum
Stratum Leucidum
Stratum Corneum
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6
Q

What layer is absent or very thin in thin skin

A

status leucidum

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7
Q

What cells comprise - Stratum Spinosum

A

multilayered, - polyhedral keratinocytes- make tonofibrils

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8
Q

What cells comprise - Stratum Glanulosum

A

create protiens from which keratin when introduced to tonofibrils

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9
Q

What is stratum Leucidum

A

thin layer that is barely visible (separating layer)

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10
Q

What cells comprise - stratum corneum

A

lipid containing anti wetting agents (waterproofing)

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11
Q

From which layer of skin to the following originate

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Malignant Melanoma
A
  • Stratum Basale
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale
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12
Q

3 types of non epithelia cells present in the epidermis

A

melanocytes - pigment cells
Lagerhands Cells - involved in immunological role
`Merkel Cells - mechanreceptors

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13
Q

what are warts

A

viral infection (HPV) causing thickening of stratum corner, spinosum and glanulosum

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14
Q

What down growths from the epidermis invade the underlying dermis and hypodermis

A

sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles

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15
Q

what is the function of arrestor pili muscles

A

erect hairs

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16
Q

what is the nerve supply to arrector pili muscle?

A

sympathetic

17
Q

what is the result of sympathetic stimulation to the skin appendages

A

sweat stops, hairs stand on end, vasoconstriction

- paraopposite effect

18
Q

what makes up the dermis

A

connective tissue containing irregular bundles of collagen fibres and networks of elastic fibres

19
Q

what are the divisions of the dermis

A

papillary layer - loosely woven and superficial

reticular layer - deeper, thicker and denser

20
Q

what are Rete Ridges

A

epidermal down growths causes by epidermis and dermis interdigiatation due to friction and sheering forces

21
Q

what are dermal papillae

A

upwards projections of dermis and epidermis

22
Q

what are blisters

A

small pocket of fluid (sebum or plasma) caused by friction and pressure

23
Q

what part of the skin is affected in burns
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree

A
  • Epidermis
  • epidermis and some dermis
  • epidermis, dermis and some subcutaneous tissue
24
Q

what is a dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

25
Q

what and where is the dermal nerve plexus

A

at the base of the dermis

branches of cutaneous nerves

26
Q

what is the classification of cutaneous sensory plexus

A

morphological
1 - Free nerve endings/unencapsulated nerve ending/simple
2 - encapsulated nerve endings/compound receptors

27
Q

What are Free Nerve endings

A

branching axons, no surrounding schwann cells
some function as Nociceptors or Thermal receptors
if associated with the shafts of hair follicles function as adapting mechanoreceptors - firing when hair moves

28
Q

what are merkel cell-neurite complexes?

A

mechanoreceptors that respond to pressure

free never ending associated with merkel cells in basal cell epithelium

29
Q

Encapsulated nerve ending function?

A

mechanoreceptors

30
Q

Merkel cell neurotic complex - location, speed of adaption, detects?

A

Dermal epidermal junction
slow
pressure

31
Q

pacinian corpuscle - location, speed of adaption, detects?

A

deep in subcutaneous tissue
rapid
deep pressure and vibration

32
Q

meissners corpuscle– location, speed of adaption, detects?

A

hands, feet, papillary dermis
rapid adapting
pressure

33
Q

Ruffini endings - location, speed of adaption, detects?

A

reticular dermis
slow
stretching and shearing

Spot test 2 control (3 decks)

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