skin and sensory receptors

Question 1

functions of the skin

Answer 1

Protection - barrier
Regulation - sweating
Endocrine - Vit D absorption
sensory input - mechanical, temp, noxious

Question 2

classifications of the skin

Answer 2

thin or thick depending of thickness of epidermis

generally thin skin has hair follicles, thick skin is GLABROUS

Question 3

where is thick skin located on humans

Answer 3

palms of hand, soles of feet, lips, labia, glans of penis

Question 4

what is the epidermis of the skin

Answer 4

keratinised stratified squamous

Question 5

what are the 5 laters of thick skin (starting deep)

Answer 5

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Glanulosum
Stratum Leucidum
Stratum Corneum

Question 6

What layer is absent or very thin in thin skin

Answer 6

status leucidum

Question 7

What cells comprise - Stratum Spinosum

Answer 7

multilayered, - polyhedral keratinocytes- make tonofibrils

Question 8

What cells comprise - Stratum Glanulosum

Answer 8

create protiens from which keratin when introduced to tonofibrils

Question 9

What is stratum Leucidum

Answer 9

thin layer that is barely visible (separating layer)

Question 10

What cells comprise - stratum corneum

Answer 10

lipid containing anti wetting agents (waterproofing)

Question 11

From which layer of skin to the following originate

• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Malignant Melanoma

Answer 11

• Stratum Basale
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Basale

Question 12

3 types of non epithelia cells present in the epidermis

Answer 12

melanocytes - pigment cells
Lagerhands Cells - involved in immunological role
`Merkel Cells - mechanreceptors

Question 13

what are warts

Answer 13

viral infection (HPV) causing thickening of stratum corner, spinosum and glanulosum

Question 14

What down growths from the epidermis invade the underlying dermis and hypodermis

Answer 14

sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles

Question 15

what is the function of arrestor pili muscles

Answer 15

erect hairs

Question 16

what is the nerve supply to arrector pili muscle?

Answer 16

sympathetic

Question 17

what is the result of sympathetic stimulation to the skin appendages

Answer 17

sweat stops, hairs stand on end, vasoconstriction

- paraopposite effect

Question 18

what makes up the dermis

Answer 18

connective tissue containing irregular bundles of collagen fibres and networks of elastic fibres

Question 19

what are the divisions of the dermis

Answer 19

papillary layer - loosely woven and superficial

reticular layer - deeper, thicker and denser

Question 20

what are Rete Ridges

Answer 20

epidermal down growths causes by epidermis and dermis interdigiatation due to friction and sheering forces

Question 21

what are dermal papillae

Answer 21

upwards projections of dermis and epidermis

Question 22

what are blisters

Answer 22

small pocket of fluid (sebum or plasma) caused by friction and pressure

Question 23

what part of the skin is affected in burns
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree

Answer 23

• Epidermis
• epidermis and some dermis
• epidermis, dermis and some subcutaneous tissue

Question 24

what is a dermatome

Answer 24

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 25

what and where is the dermal nerve plexus

Answer 25

at the base of the dermis | branches of cutaneous nerves

Question 26

what is the classification of cutaneous sensory plexus

Answer 26

morphological 1 - Free nerve endings/unencapsulated nerve ending/simple 2 - encapsulated nerve endings/compound receptors

Question 27

What are Free Nerve endings

Answer 27

branching axons, no surrounding schwann cells some function as Nociceptors or Thermal receptors if associated with the shafts of hair follicles function as adapting mechanoreceptors - firing when hair moves

Question 28

what are merkel cell-neurite complexes?

Answer 28

mechanoreceptors that respond to pressure | free never ending associated with merkel cells in basal cell epithelium

Question 29

Encapsulated nerve ending function?

Answer 29

mechanoreceptors

Question 30

Merkel cell neurotic complex - location, speed of adaption, detects?

Answer 30

Dermal epidermal junction slow pressure

Question 31

pacinian corpuscle - location, speed of adaption, detects?

Answer 31

deep in subcutaneous tissue rapid deep pressure and vibration

Question 32

meissners corpuscle-- location, speed of adaption, detects?

Answer 32

hands, feet, papillary dermis rapid adapting pressure

Question 33

Ruffini endings - location, speed of adaption, detects?

Answer 33

reticular dermis slow stretching and shearing