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Histology > Skin and Mucous Membranes🤧 > Flashcards

Skin and Mucous Membranes🤧 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of skin?

A

-Protection
-Thermoregulation
-Water regulation
-Sensation
-Absorption
-Storage and Synthesis

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2
Q

What are the the three layers of the skin?

A

-Epidermis
-Dermis
-Subcutaneous layer

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3
Q

Name 3 associated structures of the skin

A

-Nails
-Sweat Glands
-Sebaceous Glands
-Hair Follicles

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4
Q

Describe the structure of the Epidermis

A

-Stratified squamous epithelium
Layered
Flat, scale-like cells
Basic tissue type

-No blood vessels
-4-5 layers

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5
Q

Name the 5 layers of the epidermis

A

-Stratum Corneum
-Stratum Lucidum
-Stratum Granulosum
-Stratum Spinosum
-Stratum Bassle

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6
Q

Describe the Stratum Lucidum Layer of the Epidermis

A

-Only present in thick skin
-Waxy, clear, no nucleus

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7
Q

Describe the Stratum Corneum Layer of the Epidermis

A

-Corneated Layer
-What is seen in microscope

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8
Q

Describe the Stratum Granulosum Layer of the Epidermis

A

-Granular Layer of epidermis
-Blue dots, flat, nucleus becomes smaller

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9
Q

Describe the Stratum Spinosum Layer of the Epidermis

A

-Spinous Layer
-Main Bulk
-Epithelial Cells are attached by desmosomes (proteins)
-When tissue is prepared for sectioning, cells shrink and desmosomes stand out (look prickly)

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10
Q

Describe the Stratum Basale Layer of the Epidermis

A

-Basal/ Germinal Layer
-Attach to lower surface with hemidesmosomes
-1 layer of cells present
-Cuboidal/ Columnar Cells
-Cells divide and produce new cells that move up the epithelium

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11
Q

What are the 4 cells of the epidermis?

A

-Keratinocytes
-Langerhan Cells
-Morkel Cells
-Melanocytes

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12
Q

Keratinocytes?

A

Make up 95% of epidermal cells

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13
Q

Langerhans Cells?

A

Antigen- Presenting (produce antigens)

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14
Q

Merkel Cells?

A

Function as sensory receptors

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15
Q

Melanocytes?

A

Produce Melanin

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16
Q

What determines whether skin is thick or thin?

A

Stratum Lucidum
-Not physical Thickness

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17
Q

Describe thick skin and thin skin and their differences

A

Thick Skin
-Stratum Lucidum Present
-Thicker Stratum Corner
-Found on Palms of Hands and Soles of Feet

Thin Skin
-No Stratum Lucidum
-All Strata are are thinner
-Covers rest of body

18
Q

Describe the dermis:

A

Lies under skin, strong, flexible dense connective tissue layer rich in collagen and elastic fibres

19
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
A few adipocytes
Nerve endings
Blood vessels
Glands
Smooth muscle (some areas)
Lymphatics
Hair follicles

20
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis

A

-Papillary Layer
-Reticular Layer

21
Q

Describe the Papillary layer of the dermis

A

-Projects into intervals between epidermal ridges.
-Richly supplied with capillaries and nerve endings.

22
Q

Describe the reticular layer of the dermis

A

Made up of dense connective tissue and fiber components

23
Q

What are two types of skin carcinoma?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma

24
Q

Explain how skin cancer occurs?

A

Keratinocytes in the epidermis grow out of
control to form a tumour.
Can occur on any part of your body

25
Q

How does skin cancer appear?

A

as a scaly or crusty area of skin, with
a red and inflamed base

26
Q

Risk factors and prevention measures for malignant melanoma?

A

Risk Factors- UV radiation, moles (collection of melanocytes), fairskin with freckles, sunburn, family history

Prevention- avoid over-exposure to sun, look for growing/ changing moles

27
Q

What are mucous membranes?

A

Specialized epithelial lining which produces a lubricating fluid containing the sticky protein mucin

28
Q

What is the function of mucin?

A

traps microbes and dirt particles and protects any body structure which is continuous with the external environment e.g. eyes, mouth, intestine

29
Q

Generally speaking, mucous membranes in the body have functions that can be divided up into three groups.

What are these functions and give examples of organs where mucous membranes would perform these functions?

A

Protective
Oral cavity, nasal cavity, oesophagus

Secretory
Stomach

Absorptive
Entire small intestinal

Sensation

30
Q

What is the basic structure of mucous membranes?

A

Layers;
-Made of Epithelium
-Lamina Propria

31
Q

Describe the lamina propria layer of mucous membranes

A

The supportive areolar (loose fibrous connective tissue) layer found immediately beneath the mucosal epithelium and its basement membrane

32
Q

What are the cells of the lamina proper mucosae?

A

Fibroblasts
Immune cells
Virtually lacking adipocytes

33
Q

What is found in the extracellular matrix of lamina propria?

A

-Collagen
-Elastin fibres

34
Q

The epithelium and lamina propria
mucosae together constitute what?

A

mucosa

35
Q

What is the Trachea composed of?

A

Composed of a ciliated, pseudostratified epithelium and an elastic, fiber-rich lamina propria

36
Q

What is the small intestine composed of?

A

-Simple Columnar Epithelium
-Brush-like Vesicles
-Contains goblet cells
-Lamina Propria

37
Q

What are the functions of the oral mucosa

A

-Protection – barrier to micro-organism
-Sensation – receptors that respond to touch, taste, pain etc
-Secretion – maintains a moist surface ; salivary glands
-Permeability and absorption. A feature utilized in drug delivery.

38
Q

What is the main function of the oral mucosa?

A

Protection- as the oral cavity contains a vast number of various pathogens and is also exposed to daily sources of trauma, whether acids, chemicals, food and smoke

39
Q

Why are the elderly more prone to developing oral cancer than younger age groups?

A

As a person gets older the oral mucosa becomes thinner and this barrier function is diminished.

40
Q

What does the oral mucousa consist of?

A

-Stratified Squamous Epithelium
-Lamina Propria

41
Q

Give an example of a condition that affects both skin and mucous membranes?

A

Lichen Planus burning sensation in cheek and tongue

42
Q

Describe Cystic Fibrosis

A

-An inherited disorder of ion transport
-Abnormal viscous secretions
-Affects epithelial lining of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts
0Salivary glands may also be affected

Histology (5 decks)

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