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Plastic Surgery > Skin and Mouth Lesions > Flashcards

Skin and Mouth Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What are the skin cancers related to sun exposed areas?

A

-Basal cell carcinoma
-Squamous cell carcinoma

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3
Q

What is the gross picture of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Nodular lesion with rolled Presley edge and central telangiectasia, pink and slowly growing

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4
Q

What is the spread pattern of basal cell carcinoma?

A

No spread to the lymph nodes

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5
Q

How is basal cell carcinoma diagnosed and treated?

A

-Incisional biopsy for diagnosis
-Excision surgery with 3-5mm safety margin is the treated.

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6
Q

What are the premalignant lesions of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

-Bowen’s
-HPV and Herpes
-chronic wounds as scars and burns (Marjorie ulcer)

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7
Q

What is the gross picture of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Scaly, crusty or keratinized lesion, red in color

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8
Q

What is the spread pattern of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

It metastasize to the lymph nodes

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9
Q

How is squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed and treated?

A

-Incisional biopsy for diagnosis
-Surgical excision with 4-6mm safety Margin
-FNAB for lymph nodes, if positive, neck dissection

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10
Q

What is the skin cancer which is not related to sun exposed areas?

A

Melanoma

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11
Q

What are the suspicious factors of a skin lesion for melanoma?

A

-Asymmetry in 2 axes
-Border irregularity
-diameter >6mm
-Color changes
-Evolution and elevation

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12
Q

What is the gross picture of melanoma?

A

Irregular macula, nodule or patch, brown, black or pigmented

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13
Q

What is the spread pattern of melanoma?

A

It spreads through lymph nodes

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14
Q

How is melanoma diagnosed and treated?

A

There is no indication for incisional biopsy in melanoma, Surgical excision is performed immediately with 2mm safety margin or according to the breslow thickness

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15
Q

What are the types of melanoma?

A

-Superficial spreading
-Nodular
-lentigo maligna/ Hutchinson flickers
-Acral lentigo

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16
Q

What is the most common type of melanoma?

A

-Superficial spreading melanoma 60%

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17
Q

What is the gross picture of Nodular melanoma?

A

Rapidly growing black patch that bleeds easily and ulcerate

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18
Q

What is the gross picture of lentigo maligna?

A

Large brown patch in the face mainly the cheeks

19
Q

What is the gross picture of Acral lentigo?

A

Pigmented lesion in hand and foot (palm and sole)

20
Q

Classify the types of melanomas according to prognosis.

A

-Good prognosis (superficial spreading (most) and lentigo maligna)
-Bad prognosis (Nodular (most) and Acral lentigo)

21
Q

What are the common sites for superficial spreading and Nodular melanoma?

A

Back and trunk

22
Q

What are the common sites of sebaceous cyst?

A

Most common sites are scalp, face and back but never palm and sole.

23
Q

What is the gross picture of sebaceous cyst?

A

Yellowish Nodular lesion with black punctum, discharge foul smelling and cheesy material

24
Q

How is sebaceous cyst treated?

A

-If not infected, removal of the cyst with the wall.
-If infected, drainage of pus first and the excision after 2 weeks

25
Q

What is the pillar cyst?

A

As sebaceous cyst but related to hair follicle

26
Q

What is the kerato-acanthoma?

A

It is a lesion with hyperkeratotic core rapidly growing then slough and scars, mainly seen in the face

27
Q

What is the Acanthodii’s nigricans?

A

Brown to black poorly defined velvety and hyperpigmentation of the skin. It is mostly seen in the groin, axilla, forehead and neck.

Causes:
Endocrine: DM and Cushing
Drugs: insulin resistant and cortisol
Paraneoplastic syndrome: with gastric cancer

28
Q

What is a dermoid cyst?

A

Congenital entrapment of epidermis along the embryonic fusion lines mainly at the facial midline and (external) eye angel

29
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis?

A

Resided waxy and greasy scales with various color, multiple and mainly seen in the trunk but never in palm or sole or lips

If itchy, it is called seborrheic warts which is treated by shaving biopsy and cryo.

30
Q

What is dermatofibroma?

A

It is a pink firmly attached painful Papule that happens mainly after trauma

31
Q

What is phonemic granuloma?

A

Overgrowth of granulation tissue, fleshy and bleeds easily, happens after trauma.

32
Q

What is an epidermis cyst?

A

It is inclusion of epidermoid tissue at the site of trauma.

33
Q

What disease is pyoderma gangernosa associated with?

A

Crohn’s disease.

34
Q

What’s is dermatitis herpitiform?

A

Chronic itchy blisters associated with celiac disease.

35
Q

What is ganglion cyst?

A

A cyst seen at the wrist, painful, attached and is removed under general Anesthesia

36
Q

What is a ranula?

A

It is a bluish cystic lesion under the tongue due to obstruction in the sublingual glands.

37
Q

What is the aphthus ulcer?

A

Painful whitish ulcer that appears with stress in the inner aspect of the lip

38
Q

What is a mucocele?

A

It is a cystic swelling in the inner aspect of the lower lip which is not painful.

39
Q

What is the erythroplakia?

A

It is a velvety appearance of the tongue which is precancerous.

40
Q

What is the hairy leukoplakia?

A

It is a hairy white lesion in the tongue of immunocompromised patients as AIDS patients.

41
Q

Describe the Squamous cell tongue cancer.

A

It is seen in a male, old smoker, alcoholic with tongue lesion and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

42
Q

What is Quinzy?

A

Peritonsiller abscess

43
Q

Describe the diphtheria membrane.

A

It is a white membrane that covers the tonsils and bleeds with trainers of removal

Plastic Surgery (3 decks)

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