Skin & Ageing Flashcards
Epidermis treatments
Resurfacing
UV protection
Barrier support
Dermis treatments
Collagen stimulation
Hyaluronic acid hydration
Reduce melanin and free radicals
Hypodermis treatments
Injectables
Layers of epidermis
stratum basale.
stratum spinosum.
stratum granulosum.
stratum lucidum.
stratum corneum.
Pheomelanin
yellow to red in color and is found in light skin
Eumelanin
brown to black in color and is the predominant type of melanin in darker skin
Main cells of the epidermis
Keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhand cells
merkel cells
Stratum corneum
corneoctyes - layers of flattened dead cells
barrier to hydration loss and the outside
Stratum lucidum
dead keratinocytes
lipid rich barrier to hairless skin
Stratum granulosum
first layer of keratinisation
generation of keratin, keratinocytes become flatter and thicker, lose their nucleus and organelles
Stratum spinosum
keratinocytes linked by desmosomes
langerhand cells provide immune protection and remove damaged cells
Stratum basale
Single layer of basal cells
keratinocyte production
Melanocytes producing melanin
Merkel cell function
touch receptors
Layers of dermis
papillary layer
reticular layer
Papillary layer
fine collagen fibres
connective tissue and blood vessels that give nutrients to the epidermis
temperature control of the skin
contains mast cells and WBCs
Reticular layer
coarse collagen fibres
dense connective tissue
strength and elasticity
Carotene
Stored in stratum corneum
precursor to vitamin A - yellow to orrange colour
Location of sebaceous glands
Dermis
Hair growth cycle
Anagen - growing - 3 to 7 years - 80 to 90% of follicles
Catagen - hair resting - 3 to 4 weeks - follicle moves to surface, 10-20% of hairs
Telogen - hair fall - follicle rests - 3 to 5 months
Apocrine sweat glands
adrenaline activated
inactive before puberty
Eccrine/Merocrine sweat glands
thin and watery
temperature homeostasis
Skin vitamin D synthesis
UVB radiation
precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to cholecalciferol
Mechanoreceptors of the skin
Merkel’s disks - light touch, slow adapting
Meissners corpuscles - fine touch, virberation
Ruffini endings - stretching, warmth, joint position
Pacinian corpuscles - dermis, viscera, joints
Telomere function in ageing
lost with each cell devision
loss of genetic material contributing to ageing process
Oestrogen function in skin againg
Controls function of fibroblasts
collagen, elastin and HA production by fibroblasts
Intrinsic changes
Thinning and thickening of skin
Elasticity loss
Reduced tensions and support
Subcutaneous fat loss
Pigmentation and discolouration
Extrinsic changes
dermis thins
coarse wrinkles
deep wrinkles
skin growths - actinic keratosis
UVA
Ageing
Long wavelength 315-400nm
penetrates clothing, glass and clouds
UVB
Burns
short wavelegth 280-315nm
blocked by clothing and glass
Precusor to SCC
solar keratoses
Glogau classification I
Mild atrophic
Minimal wrinkles
no age spots
mild pigment
Glogau II
Moderate Elastosis
Dynamic lines
Enlarged pores
Early texture change
Glogau III
Advanced Expressional
Static wrinkles
visible lentigines
prominent pigmenation
neovascularisation
Glogau IV
Severe gravitational
Acne definition
chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland and hair follicle
pilo-sebacous unit
acne fulminas
severe
nodular acne
chest and back
adolescent male
acne mechanica
physical trigger
heat, pressure, infection
athletes
Rosacea definition
erythema and pustules
chronic inflammatory
responds to IPL and laser treatments
Psoriasis
Overproduction of keratinocytes
Scaly patches
extensor surfaces
Drugs which increase photosensitivity
NSAIDS
Isotretinoin
MTX
Amitriptyline
Amiodarone
Trimethoprim
Ciprofloxacin
