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LVL7 revision > Skin & Ageing > Flashcards

Skin & Ageing Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis treatments

A

Resurfacing

UV protection

Barrier support

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2
Q

Dermis treatments

A

Collagen stimulation

Hyaluronic acid hydration

Reduce melanin and free radicals

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3
Q

Hypodermis treatments

A

Injectables

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4
Q

Layers of epidermis

A

stratum basale.
stratum spinosum.
stratum granulosum.
stratum lucidum.
stratum corneum.

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5
Q

Pheomelanin

A

yellow to red in color and is found in light skin

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6
Q

Eumelanin

A

brown to black in color and is the predominant type of melanin in darker skin

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7
Q

Main cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhand cells
merkel cells

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8
Q

Stratum corneum

A

corneoctyes - layers of flattened dead cells

barrier to hydration loss and the outside

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9
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

dead keratinocytes

lipid rich barrier to hairless skin

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10
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

first layer of keratinisation

generation of keratin, keratinocytes become flatter and thicker, lose their nucleus and organelles

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11
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

keratinocytes linked by desmosomes

langerhand cells provide immune protection and remove damaged cells

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12
Q

Stratum basale

A

Single layer of basal cells

keratinocyte production

Melanocytes producing melanin

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13
Q

Merkel cell function

A

touch receptors

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14
Q

Layers of dermis

A

papillary layer
reticular layer

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15
Q

Papillary layer

A

fine collagen fibres

connective tissue and blood vessels that give nutrients to the epidermis

temperature control of the skin

contains mast cells and WBCs

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16
Q

Reticular layer

A

coarse collagen fibres

dense connective tissue

strength and elasticity

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17
Q

Carotene

A

Stored in stratum corneum

precursor to vitamin A - yellow to orrange colour

18
Q

Location of sebaceous glands

A

Dermis

19
Q

Hair growth cycle

A

Anagen - growing - 3 to 7 years - 80 to 90% of follicles

Catagen - hair resting - 3 to 4 weeks - follicle moves to surface, 10-20% of hairs

Telogen - hair fall - follicle rests - 3 to 5 months

20
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

adrenaline activated

inactive before puberty

21
Q

Eccrine/Merocrine sweat glands

A

thin and watery

temperature homeostasis

22
Q

Skin vitamin D synthesis

A

UVB radiation

precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to cholecalciferol

23
Q

Mechanoreceptors of the skin

A

Merkel’s disks - light touch, slow adapting

Meissners corpuscles - fine touch, virberation

Ruffini endings - stretching, warmth, joint position

Pacinian corpuscles - dermis, viscera, joints

24
Q

Telomere function in ageing

A

lost with each cell devision

loss of genetic material contributing to ageing process

25
Q

Oestrogen function in skin againg

A

Controls function of fibroblasts

collagen, elastin and HA production by fibroblasts

26
Q

Intrinsic changes

A

Thinning and thickening of skin
Elasticity loss
Reduced tensions and support
Subcutaneous fat loss
Pigmentation and discolouration

27
Q

Extrinsic changes

A

dermis thins
coarse wrinkles
deep wrinkles
skin growths - actinic keratosis

28
Q

UVA

A

Ageing

Long wavelength 315-400nm

penetrates clothing, glass and clouds

29
Q

UVB

A

Burns

short wavelegth 280-315nm

blocked by clothing and glass

30
Q

Precusor to SCC

A

solar keratoses

31
Q

Glogau classification I

A

Mild atrophic

Minimal wrinkles
no age spots
mild pigment

32
Q

Glogau II

A

Moderate Elastosis

Dynamic lines
Enlarged pores
Early texture change

33
Q

Glogau III

A

Advanced Expressional

Static wrinkles
visible lentigines
prominent pigmenation
neovascularisation

34
Q

Glogau IV

A

Severe gravitational

35
Q

Acne definition

A

chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland and hair follicle

pilo-sebacous unit

36
Q

acne fulminas

A

severe

nodular acne

chest and back

adolescent male

36
Q

acne mechanica

A

physical trigger

heat, pressure, infection

athletes

37
Q

Rosacea definition

A

erythema and pustules

chronic inflammatory

responds to IPL and laser treatments

38
Q

Psoriasis

A

Overproduction of keratinocytes

Scaly patches

extensor surfaces

39
Q

Drugs which increase photosensitivity

A

NSAIDS
Isotretinoin
MTX
Amitriptyline
Amiodarone
Trimethoprim
Ciprofloxacin

LVL7 revision (18 decks)

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