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Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Ulcerations located inside the mouth. Self-limiting. Treatment focused on symptom relief.

A

Aphthous stomatitis

Canker Sores

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2
Q

Painful clustered vesicles on a erythematous base. Located outside the mouth.

A

Herpes Simplex

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3
Q

How soon do anti-virus needs to be started from the onset of a herpes outbreak?

A

48-72 hours

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4
Q

Honey crusted lesions caused by staph aureus and strep pyogenes.

A

Impetigo

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of impetigo?

A
  1. Bullous

2. Non-bullous

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6
Q

How do you treat impetigo?

A
  1. Bullous - oral antibiotics

2. Non-bullous - mupirocin ointment

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7
Q

Starts with a herald patch then full distribution of a Christmas tree patterned rash. Presents on abdomen and back.

A

Pityriasis rosea

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8
Q

Keywords: North Carolina, tick bite. Rash occurs 3-5 days after symptoms on palms and soles of feet.

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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9
Q

How do you treat Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Doxy - no matter the age and even if they are pregnant

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10
Q

Keyword: tick bite, bullseye lesion.

A

Lyme Disease (erythema migranis)

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11
Q

How do you treat Lyme Disease? What is the second line?

A
  1. Doxy

2. Amoxicillin if < 8 years old

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12
Q

Parotid gland swelling. One of the only times we will see this in practice.

A

Mumps

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13
Q

Exposure occurs. 1 week later they are contagious. Symptoms usually start with a fever and leads to the 3 C’s and Koplik spots. Once the fever subsides at day 15, a rash appears.

A

Rubeola

Measles

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14
Q

What are the 3 C’s that occur with Rubeola?

A
  1. Cough
  2. Congestion
  3. Conjunctivitis
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15
Q

How is rubeola transmitted?

A

Airborne

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16
Q

What 3 serious complications can rubeola lead to?

A
  1. PNA
  2. Encephalitis
  3. Potentially permanent brain damage
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17
Q

How can you prevent rubeola?

A

MMR vaccine (12 months and 4 years old)

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18
Q

What should you tell women after they get the MMR vaccine?

A

Do not get pregnant within 4 weeks of being vaccinated

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19
Q

Very mild symptoms. Pink rash and adenopathy.

A

Rubella (3 day measles)

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20
Q

What happens if a pregnant woman catches rubella?

A

Serious birth defects or miscarriage - esp if caught during 1st trimester

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21
Q

Starts with a high fever and is followed by a rash on the trunk. Rose colored, blanchable papules.

A

Roseola

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22
Q

When is a child no longer contagious with roseola?

A

When the rash appears

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23
Q

Caused by parvovirus. Slapped cheek rash and a lacy, net like appearance is noted to the rash.

A

Fifth’s Disease

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24
Q

What happens if a pregnant woman gets Fifth’s Disease?

A

Severe anemias in the fetus

If exposed, draw titer- half of women have immunity

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25
Rash and ulcers in the mouth that spreads to the hands and feet. Vesicle formation and peeling is present.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth | Coxsackie Virus
26
Lesions in various stages of healing. Kids can go back to school when all the lesions are crusted over.
Varicella
27
When can the varicella vaccine be given?
12 months old - live vaccine
28
A mass shows up underneath the chin every time the patient is eating and then it goes away. May need surgical intervention
Salivary gland stone | Sialolithiasis
29
Dry pink lesions on a sun exposed area.
Actinic keratosis
30
What can actinic keratosis lead to?
Squamous cell carcinoma
31
What are the 2 treatments for actinic keratosis?
1. 5-FU | 2. Cryotherapy
32
Slow growing, scaly, ulcerated lesions, bleeds easy.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Refer to derm for biopsy
33
Shiny, waxy, pearly, visible vessels are present (telangiectasis).
Basal Cell Carcinoma | Refer to derm for biopsy
34
What are the ABCDEs of malignant melanoma?
``` A - asymmetry B - border irregularities C - color variation D - diameter > 6 mm E - evolving/elevated ```
35
Benign pasted on lesions
Seborrheic keratosis
36
Located on flexor surfaces. Pruritic in nature. Itch-scratch-itch cycle.
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
37
How do you treat atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
Emollients and topical steroids
38
Silvery scales and plaques noted. Auspitz sign and Koebler's phenomenon.
Plaque psoriasis
39
How do you treat plaque psoriasis?
Topical steroids
40
When one of the psoriatic plaques is scratched and it starts to bleed.
Auspitz's sign
41
When the skin has trauma to it and it leads to a patient developing a new psoriatic plaque.
Koebler's phenomenon
42
How quick does contact dermatitis occur? How do we treat it?
Almost immediate | Topical steroids
43
Vesicular in nature and occurs across a dermatome. Often is preceded by burning and tingling.
Shingles | Think shingles when a patient comes in with new one sided pain and return in a couple days with a rash
44
How do we treat shingles? When should we start medications?
Antivirals (acyclovir) | Within 48-72 hours of symptom onset
45
What are the 2 vaccines for Shingles?
1. Shingrix - age 50 (most effective and inactivated) | 2. Zostavax - age 60
46
How long does a patient have to wait after a Shingles outbreak before getting Zostavax?
2-6 months
47
When do you refer someone with Shingles?
When the lesions are close to the eye | Can lead to permanent vision loss
48
Pruritic rash that occurs between the webbing of the fingers, toes, and along the waist band.
Scabies
49
How do you treat scabies?
Permethrin cream Wash everything in hot water (Usually have to treat twice)
50
Impregnated, umbilicated (small indent in middle) and contagious.
Molluscum contagiosum
51
What do we have to worry about if we see molluscum contagiosum in the genitals of children?
Sexual abuse - investigate further
52
Ulcerated, painless, black lesions. Common in cattle farmers.
Anthrax
53
What are the 2 treatments for anthrax?
1. Cipro - long term - at least 2 months | 2. Doxy - alt treatment
54
Painful, reoccurring, tiny bumps that occur where skin rubs together. Large lesions may need to be I&D and cultured.
Hidradenitis suppurativa | Warm compresses and oral abx
55
How do you treat folliculitis?
``` Mupirocin ointment (If large or involved, PCN or Keflex) ```
56
Erythematous rash that does not spare the nose.
Rosacea
57
How do you treat rosacea?
Topical flagyl
58
Sharply defined, well demarcated borders. Basically a superficial cellulitis.
Erysipelas | PCN or Keflex
59
Red, angry, edematous. Purulent or non-purulent.
Cellulitis
60
How do you treat purulent cellulitis?
BCD - bactrim, clings, doxy
61
How do you treat non-purulent cellulitis?
PCN or Keflex
62
Usually develops after hot or spicy food. Benign finding.
Geographical tongue
63
Coating seen on the tongue that cannot be scraped off. Most commonly seen in patients with HIV. Need referred to a dentist.
Leukoplakia
64
Can oral thrush be scraped off and how do we treat it?
Yes and nystatin
65
Itching occurs at night in the genitals. Diagnosed through scotch tape test early in the morning.
Enterobiasis | Pin worms
66
What are the 2 treatments for enterobiasis (pin worms)?
1. Mebendazole | 2. Albendazole
67
Annular lesion that is treated with anti-fungals. Start with oral anti-fungals before moving to PO.
Tines corporis | Ring worm
68
Tinea pedis
Ringworm on the feet | Athlete's foot
69
Tinea cruris
Ringworm of genitals | Jock itch
70
Tinea capitis
Ringworm on head

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