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Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Ulcerations located inside the mouth. Self-limiting. Treatment focused on symptom relief.

A

Aphthous stomatitis

Canker Sores

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2
Q

Painful clustered vesicles on a erythematous base. Located outside the mouth.

A

Herpes Simplex

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3
Q

How soon do anti-virus needs to be started from the onset of a herpes outbreak?

A

48-72 hours

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4
Q

Honey crusted lesions caused by staph aureus and strep pyogenes.

A

Impetigo

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of impetigo?

A
  1. Bullous

2. Non-bullous

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6
Q

How do you treat impetigo?

A
  1. Bullous - oral antibiotics

2. Non-bullous - mupirocin ointment

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7
Q

Starts with a herald patch then full distribution of a Christmas tree patterned rash. Presents on abdomen and back.

A

Pityriasis rosea

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8
Q

Keywords: North Carolina, tick bite. Rash occurs 3-5 days after symptoms on palms and soles of feet.

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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9
Q

How do you treat Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Doxy - no matter the age and even if they are pregnant

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10
Q

Keyword: tick bite, bullseye lesion.

A

Lyme Disease (erythema migranis)

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11
Q

How do you treat Lyme Disease? What is the second line?

A
  1. Doxy

2. Amoxicillin if < 8 years old

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12
Q

Parotid gland swelling. One of the only times we will see this in practice.

A

Mumps

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13
Q

Exposure occurs. 1 week later they are contagious. Symptoms usually start with a fever and leads to the 3 C’s and Koplik spots. Once the fever subsides at day 15, a rash appears.

A

Rubeola

Measles

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14
Q

What are the 3 C’s that occur with Rubeola?

A
  1. Cough
  2. Congestion
  3. Conjunctivitis
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15
Q

How is rubeola transmitted?

A

Airborne

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16
Q

What 3 serious complications can rubeola lead to?

A
  1. PNA
  2. Encephalitis
  3. Potentially permanent brain damage
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17
Q

How can you prevent rubeola?

A

MMR vaccine (12 months and 4 years old)

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18
Q

What should you tell women after they get the MMR vaccine?

A

Do not get pregnant within 4 weeks of being vaccinated

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19
Q

Very mild symptoms. Pink rash and adenopathy.

A

Rubella (3 day measles)

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20
Q

What happens if a pregnant woman catches rubella?

A

Serious birth defects or miscarriage - esp if caught during 1st trimester

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21
Q

Starts with a high fever and is followed by a rash on the trunk. Rose colored, blanchable papules.

A

Roseola

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22
Q

When is a child no longer contagious with roseola?

A

When the rash appears

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23
Q

Caused by parvovirus. Slapped cheek rash and a lacy, net like appearance is noted to the rash.

A

Fifth’s Disease

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24
Q

What happens if a pregnant woman gets Fifth’s Disease?

A

Severe anemias in the fetus

If exposed, draw titer- half of women have immunity

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25
Q

Rash and ulcers in the mouth that spreads to the hands and feet. Vesicle formation and peeling is present.

A

Hand, Foot, and Mouth

Coxsackie Virus

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26
Q

Lesions in various stages of healing. Kids can go back to school when all the lesions are crusted over.

A

Varicella

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27
Q

When can the varicella vaccine be given?

A

12 months old - live vaccine

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28
Q

A mass shows up underneath the chin every time the patient is eating and then it goes away. May need surgical intervention

A

Salivary gland stone

Sialolithiasis

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29
Q

Dry pink lesions on a sun exposed area.

A

Actinic keratosis

30
Q

What can actinic keratosis lead to?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

31
Q

What are the 2 treatments for actinic keratosis?

A
  1. 5-FU

2. Cryotherapy

32
Q

Slow growing, scaly, ulcerated lesions, bleeds easy.

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Refer to derm for biopsy

33
Q

Shiny, waxy, pearly, visible vessels are present (telangiectasis).

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Refer to derm for biopsy

34
Q

What are the ABCDEs of malignant melanoma?

A 
A - asymmetry
B - border irregularities
C - color variation
D - diameter > 6 mm
E - evolving/elevated
35
Q

Benign pasted on lesions

A

Seborrheic keratosis

36
Q

Located on flexor surfaces. Pruritic in nature. Itch-scratch-itch cycle.

A

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

37
Q

How do you treat atopic dermatitis (eczema)?

A

Emollients and topical steroids

38
Q

Silvery scales and plaques noted. Auspitz sign and Koebler’s phenomenon.

A

Plaque psoriasis

39
Q

How do you treat plaque psoriasis?

A

Topical steroids

40
Q

When one of the psoriatic plaques is scratched and it starts to bleed.

A

Auspitz’s sign

41
Q

When the skin has trauma to it and it leads to a patient developing a new psoriatic plaque.

A

Koebler’s phenomenon

42
Q

How quick does contact dermatitis occur? How do we treat it?

A

Almost immediate

Topical steroids

43
Q

Vesicular in nature and occurs across a dermatome. Often is preceded by burning and tingling.

A

Shingles

Think shingles when a patient comes in with new one sided pain and return in a couple days with a rash

44
Q

How do we treat shingles? When should we start medications?

A

Antivirals (acyclovir)

Within 48-72 hours of symptom onset

45
Q

What are the 2 vaccines for Shingles?

A
  1. Shingrix - age 50 (most effective and inactivated)

2. Zostavax - age 60

46
Q

How long does a patient have to wait after a Shingles outbreak before getting Zostavax?

A

2-6 months

47
Q

When do you refer someone with Shingles?

A

When the lesions are close to the eye

Can lead to permanent vision loss

48
Q

Pruritic rash that occurs between the webbing of the fingers, toes, and along the waist band.

49
Q

How do you treat scabies?

A

Permethrin cream
Wash everything in hot water
(Usually have to treat twice)

50
Q

Impregnated, umbilicated (small indent in middle) and contagious.

A

Molluscum contagiosum

51
Q

What do we have to worry about if we see molluscum contagiosum in the genitals of children?

A

Sexual abuse - investigate further

52
Q

Ulcerated, painless, black lesions. Common in cattle farmers.

53
Q

What are the 2 treatments for anthrax?

A
  1. Cipro - long term - at least 2 months

2. Doxy - alt treatment

54
Q

Painful, reoccurring, tiny bumps that occur where skin rubs together. Large lesions may need to be I&D and cultured.

A

Hidradenitis suppurativa

Warm compresses and oral abx

55
Q

How do you treat folliculitis?

A 
Mupirocin ointment
(If large or involved, PCN or Keflex)
56
Q

Erythematous rash that does not spare the nose.

57
Q

How do you treat rosacea?

A

Topical flagyl

58
Q

Sharply defined, well demarcated borders. Basically a superficial cellulitis.

A

Erysipelas

PCN or Keflex

59
Q

Red, angry, edematous. Purulent or non-purulent.

A

Cellulitis

60
Q

How do you treat purulent cellulitis?

A

BCD - bactrim, clings, doxy

61
Q

How do you treat non-purulent cellulitis?

A

PCN or Keflex

62
Q

Usually develops after hot or spicy food. Benign finding.

A

Geographical tongue

63
Q

Coating seen on the tongue that cannot be scraped off. Most commonly seen in patients with HIV. Need referred to a dentist.

A

Leukoplakia

64
Q

Can oral thrush be scraped off and how do we treat it?

A

Yes and nystatin

65
Q

Itching occurs at night in the genitals. Diagnosed through scotch tape test early in the morning.

A

Enterobiasis

Pin worms

66
Q

What are the 2 treatments for enterobiasis (pin worms)?

A
  1. Mebendazole

2. Albendazole

67
Q

Annular lesion that is treated with anti-fungals. Start with oral anti-fungals before moving to PO.

A

Tines corporis

Ring worm

68
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Ringworm on the feet

Athlete’s foot

69
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Ringworm of genitals

Jock itch

70
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Ringworm on head

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