Skin Flashcards
_______ ______ = all coverings go the body which are directly exposed to the outside world
external medicine
The ____ is the most accessible of all body tissues
skin
What are the 3 layers of skin structure?
- epidermis
- dermis
- subcutaneous tissue
What is the top layer of skin called?
stratum corneum
_____ = small spot, not palpable, < 1cm
macule
_____ = large spot, not palpable >1cm
patch
_____ = small bump, superficial, elevated, < 1cm
papule
_____ = large bump, superficial, elevated, > 1cm
plaque
____ = small bubble, fluid filled usually superficial, <0.5cm
vesicle
____ = large bubble, fluid filled, can be superficial or deep, > 0.5cm
bulla
_____ = pus containing bubble, often categorized according to whether or not they are related to hair follicles
pustule
_____ = accumulation or excess shedding of keratin from the stratum corneum
scale
____ = dried exudate on the skin surface, synonymous with scab
crust
______ = loss of skin due to scratching or picking
excoriation
______ = superficial open wound, loss of epidermis or mucosa only
erosion
______ = deeper open wound with partial or complete loss of dermis or submucosa
ulcer
What are 2 types of flat lesions?
- macule
2. patch
What are 2 types of elevated lesions?
- papule
2. plaque
What are 3 types of fluid-filled lesions?
- vesicle
- bulla
- pustule
First degree burn
Extent of injury?
Appearance?
- superficial
- erythema
Second degree burn
Extent of injury?
Appearance?
- partial thickness
- blistering
Third degree burn
Extent of injury?
Appearance?
- full thickness
- necrosis
Rule of __’s = used to estimate body surface area of involvement in thermal burns
9
Rules of palms = palm of hand is ~ __% of body surface area
1
What are 3 types of physical trauma to skin?
- mechanical
- thermal
- chronic ulcers
What are the 4 types of chronic ulcers?
- pressure
- vascular
- neuropathic
- other
If an ulcer is BELOW the ankle, it is usually ______; if it is ABOVE the ankle, it is usually _____.
arterial; venous
In general scarring does not occur unless there is significant damage to the ______.
dermis
Superficial injury with _______ blistering and erosions only = heals without scarring
epidermal
3 phases of wound healing?
- Inflammatory
- Proliferation
- Remodelling
_______ phase = __hr -__ weeks; involves vascular effects and a cellular response that culminates in acute inflammation which is aimed at eliminating pathogens or debris and delivering the materials required for healing the wouldn’t.
inflammatory; 24-2
_______ phase = ____ to ____; production of materials to restore a functional skin barrier; both dermis and epidermis need to be repaired
proliferative; days to months
In the proliferative phase, there is ______ and ________ in the dermis
fibroplasial; neovascularization
In the proliferative phase, early angiogenesis and fibroplasia result in friable beefy-red tissue called _________ tissue.
Granulation
In the proliferative phase, at the surface the wound must re-epithelialize through _______ proliferation and migration.
keratinocyte
What cells cause neovascularization?
endothelial
______ = ____; during this phase, the wound contracts and acquires increased tensile strength; healed would culminates in a scar
remodelling; months
What are 3 ways to classify wounds?
- timing
- extent
- repair method
_______ thickness wounds involve epidermis and part of dermis
partial
_____ thickness wounds extend throughout the dermis and may also include subcutaneous layer or deeper
full
Wound closed by surgical excision = ______ intention healing
primary
Wound left to heal completely on it’s own = _______ intention healing
secondary
When a wound is healing, promote a _____ environment to facilitate cell proliferation (fibroblasts, vasculature , keratinocytes)
moist
In general wounds heal faster if ______.
occluded
______ scare = thick scare that is in excess of the amount of tissue required to replace the damaged dermis
hypertrophic