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PHTH 531 > Reproductive and Urinary Systems > Flashcards

Reproductive and Urinary Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the urology-genital-gyne RED FLAGS?

A
  1. Changes in bladder, bowel, and sexual function

2. Non mechanical low back pain, suprapubic or groin pion

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2
Q

______ ____ stores and secretes slightly alkaline fluid into urethra at ejaculation

A

prostrate gland

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3
Q

______ muscle contraction in the prostate gland helps expel semen

A

smooth

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4
Q

What are the 4 zones of the prostate?

A
  1. anterior
  2. central
  3. transition
  4. peripheral
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5
Q

What 2 zones in the prostate are muscular?

A

anterior and central

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6
Q

The ______ zone in the prostrate are the fibres surrounding the urethra.

A

transition

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7
Q

At what age does the rate of proliferation of the prostate gland surpass the rate of apoptosis?

A

25

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8
Q

Where is the cell growth located in the prostate?

A

transition zone

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9
Q

_______ = proliferation > apoptosis in the prostate gland

A

BPH

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10
Q

___% of men > 50 have BPH.

A

75

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11
Q

What are 3 symptoms of BPH?

A
  1. hesitancy
  2. intermittent stream
  3. PVR
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12
Q

What are 3 clinical implications if BPH is left untreated?

A
  1. UTI
  2. bladder distention
  3. renal failure
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13
Q

What is a risk factor of the medication used for BPH?

A

dizziness (=falls!)

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14
Q

What is the surgical management of BPH?

A

TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate)

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15
Q

Is BPH amendable to PT Rx?

A

No - refer to physician

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16
Q

What are 6 example questions to ask when screening for BPH?

A
  1. Do you urinate often?
  2. Do you have urgency?
  3. Do you have trouble starting your flow?
  4. Do you have weak or interrupted flow?
  5. Not emptying completely?
  6. Nocturia due to need to void?
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17
Q

What are 4 types of prostatodynia?

A
  1. acute bacterial
  2. chronic bacterial
  3. nonbacterial prostatodynia
  4. asymptomatic inflammatory
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18
Q

______ is the most common urological disorder in men > 50

A

prostatodynia

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19
Q

What is the presentation of prostatodynia?

A

Mix of…

  • secondary to pelvic floor dysfunction
  • history of sitting increasing pain (perineal pressure)
  • urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, nocturia
  • pain in penis, testicles, perineum
  • suprapubic pain
  • painful ejaculation, decreased libido, ED
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20
Q

What are 3 factors of prostatodynia that are within PT scope when screening?

A
  1. non mechanical pain at onset
  2. sitting exacerbation (pudendal n. compression?)
  3. onset/presence of perineal, pubic, suprapubic or going pain possibly accompanied by change in genitals or genitourinary function
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21
Q

What are 3 common findings in pelvic floor examination of individuals with prostatodynia?

A
  1. increased PF resting tone
  2. decreased PF proprioception
  3. decreased PF motor control
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22
Q

How is prostate cancer detected?

A

PSA screening (blood test)

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23
Q

What are normal PSA levels ?

A

0-2.5 ng per mL

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24
Q

Prostate cancer can be present in the complete absence of an elevated PSA level (T/F).

A

TRUE

25
Q

What are 2 major side effects of prostate cancer surgery (radical prostatectomy) relevant to PT practice?

A
  1. incontinence

2. ED

26
Q

What are 4 red flags when screening for prostate cancer?

A
  1. non mechanical “MSK” pain
  2. night waking
  3. men > 50
  4. +/- urology signs and symptoms
27
Q

What are 3 factors related to prostate cancer that fall within PT scope?

A
  1. prostatectomy (incontinence)
  2. radiation complications
  3. ADT (hormone therapy - OP, # fatigue, increase in body fat and decrease in lean tissue)
28
Q

Disease accounts for __% of ED cases

A

70

29
Q

____ can be first indicator of diabetes and heart disease

A

ED

30
Q

How does pelvic floor rehab help in ED?

A

increases penile rigidity and tumescence

31
Q

Endometriosis occurs with _______ menstruation

A

retrograde

32
Q

Extent of endo lesson indicate extent of symptoms and pain (T/F).

A

FALSE - varies greatly

33
Q

Presentation of endo depends on location of _____.

A

implants

34
Q

Is there a cute for endo?

A

no

35
Q

What are 3 factors in the screening for endo relevant to PT?

A
  1. cyclical LBP, hip, groin, nonmechanical
  2. dyspareunia, thrusting or deep, might bot be able to ID pain location
  3. differential - hip, groin, LP, dyspareunia
36
Q

3 aspects of endo treatment for PT?

A
  1. education
  2. pain sensitization
  3. pacing and grading to return to activity
37
Q

________ ______ = most common female reproductive organ cancer

A

endometrial carcinoma

38
Q

What is the presentation of endometrial ca?

A
  1. abnormal vaginal bleeding

2. metastases (lymph, lung, liver, bones of LE)

39
Q

What 2 findings in a screen test would be red flags for endometrial ca?

A
  1. abnormal vaginal bleeding

2. LE pain, non mechanical

40
Q

Cervical ca is caused by ____ infection

A

HPV

41
Q

Cervical ca early stage presentation is usually asymptomatic (T/F).

A

TRUE

42
Q

Ovarian cancer actually arises in the fallopian tube _____, not on the surface of the ovaries.

A

fimbria

43
Q

What are red flags when screening for ovarian cancer?

A
  1. gait disturbances
  2. dyspnea
  3. thoracic or shoulder girdle pain
  4. weight loss
  5. fatigue
44
Q

What are the 4 types of pelvic organ prolapse?

A
  1. cystocele
  2. rectocele
  3. uterine prolapse
  4. enterocele
45
Q

Pain rolling in bed = pubic _______ dysfunction

A

symphysis

46
Q

______ = pain in one leg stance, kicking, sitting, standing

A

prolapse

47
Q

What is the presentation of pelvic organ prolapse?

A
  1. vaginal or perineal pressure
  2. difficultly/ incomplete emptying bladder/bowel
  3. symptoms can increase with activity or at end of day
  4. may also present as back ache
48
Q

What is the management for pelvic organ prolapse?

A
  1. PT
  2. Pessary
  3. Surgery
49
Q

UTI’s may present with ________ pain.

A

suprapubic

50
Q

You (can/cannot) differentiate cystitis from UTI without culture

A

cannot

51
Q

If blood in the urine is present ever, what do you need?

A

cystoscopy

52
Q

What are the types of incontinence?

A
  1. functional
  2. stress
  3. urge
  4. overflow
  5. mixed
53
Q

_______ incontinence= normal bladder control, difficulty reaching toilet in time due to MSK/ joint / mobility problem

A

functional

54
Q

_______ incontinence = most common type, leakage with cough, sneeze, lift, walk, jump, etc.

A

stress

55
Q

What are the 3 management strategies for stress incontinence?

A
  1. PT
  2. pessary
  3. surgery
56
Q

________ incontinence = hypotonic detrusor with inability to contract

A

overflow

57
Q

If someone presents with overflow incontinence, what should a PT do?

A

refer to physician or emergency dep’t

58
Q

_____ incontinence = pt has symptoms of both stress and urge incontinence, and it is the most common situation

A

mixed

59
Q

______ frequency/urgency/incontinence = overactive bladder

A

urge

PHTH 531 (5 decks)

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