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Nursing Second Semester > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of the Skin

A 
HEPES
Heat regulation
Excretion & Absorption
Protection
Elimination
Sensation

Perception- neurosensory end-organs for touch, pain, temperature, and pressure
Identification – finger print, facial features
Communication – emotions, nonverbal
Vitamin D production – UV light converts cholesterol into vitamin D at skin surface

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2
Q

Vernix Caseosa

A

Thick cheese-like substance present at birth

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3
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine hair present at birth

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4
Q

Infants Skin

A

Vernix Caseosa
Lanugo
Temp control ineffective
Skin more permeable (risk for fluid loss)

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5
Q

Linea nigra

A

Dark line down abdomen - occurs during pregnancy

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6
Q

Striae Gravidarum

A

Stretch Marks

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7
Q

Vellus Hair

A

fine, faint hair - covers most of the body, except the palms and soles

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8
Q

Terminal Hair

A

darker, thicker hair - grows on scalp, eyebrows &, after puberty, on the axillae, pubic area, & face & chest in the male.

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9
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

produce sebum
protective lipid substance that lubricates the skin/hair & forms an emulsion with water that retards water loss from the skin.
Located mostly on the scalp, forehead, face, and chin

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10
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Sweat glands
Secrete diluted saline solution
Distributed through the body & are mature by the time an infant is 2 months old.

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11
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Sweat glands
Located mainly in the axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and navel.
Become active during puberty, and produce a thick, milky secretion and open into the hair follicles.
Bacterial flora from the skin surface react with apocrine sweat and produce the characteristic musty body odor

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12
Q

Primary Skin Lesions
vs.
Secondary Skin Lesions

A

Primary: develop on previously unaltered skin

Secondary: occur when a lesion changes over time or changes due to a factor such as scratching or infection

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13
Q

Leukonychia Striata

A

White linear mark that is normally visible through the nail

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14
Q

Mongolian spot

A

common variation of hyperpigmentation in black, Asian, Native American, and Hispanic newborns.
It is a blue-black to purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks, but sometimes also occurs on the abdomen, thighs, shoulders, or arms. It gradually fades over the first year to adulthood.

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15
Q

Café au lait spot

A

large, round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation that is usually present at birth

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16
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

Common rash that appears in the first 3 to 4 days of life.
Consists of tiny punctate red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks.
Cause is unknown, and no treatment is needed

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17
Q

Cutis marmorata

A

transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to cool room temperatures. It forms a reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin

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18
Q

Physiologic jaundice

A

Yellowing of the skin, sclera, & mucous membranes.
Develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life.
Due to red blood cell hemolysis that occurs after birth.
When the hemoglobin of the destroyed red blood cells is metabolized by the liver & spleen, its pigment is converted to bilirubin.

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19
Q

Senile lentigines

A

small, flat brown macules that are not malignant

equire no treatment

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20
Q

Petechiae

A

tiny punctate hemorrhages, less than 2 mm, round, and discrete, dark red, purple, or brown

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21
Q

Ecchymosis

A

patch of capillary bleeding into the tissues (bruise)

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22
Q

Hematoma

A

Bruise that can be felt.

Skin is elevated and swollen

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23
Q

Measles (rubeola)

A

Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash that appears on the 3rd or 4th day of illness
First behind the ears, face, neck, trunk, arms, and legs last.
Does not blanch, - Koplik’s spots may be present in the mouth

24
Q

German measles (rubella)

A

Pink, papular rash (similar to measles but more pale)
Appears on the face 1st - then spreads.
No Koplik’s spots.

25
Q

Chickenpox (varicella)

A

Small, tight shiny vesicles that erupt in succession over days - become pustules, then crusts.
Vesicles are highly pruritic
Appear on the trunk 1st - then face, arms, & legs.
Described as a “dewdrop on a rose petal.”

26
Q

Edema Assessment

A

1 + Mild pitting, slight indentation, no noticeable swelling of the leg.
2 + Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly.
3 + Deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, leg looks swollen.
4 + Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen.

27
Q

4 Stages of Ulcer development

A
  • Stage I: Skin red but intact/unbroken. Localized redness. Skin will blanch (Dark skin appears darker but does not blanch).
  • Stage II: Partial-thickness skin erosion w/ loss of epidermis or dermis. Ulcer looks shallow - like an abrasion or open blister with a red-pink wound bed.
  • Stage III: Full-thickness pressure ulcer extending into the subcutaneous tissue - resembling a crater. May see subcutaneous fat but not muscle, bone, or tendon.
  • Stage IV: Full-thickness pressure ulcer involves all skin layers - extends into supporting tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon or bone, and may show slough (stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue).
28
Q

Macule

A

Flat lesion smaller than 1 cm.
Ex: freckle

(primary lesion)

29
Q

Papule

A

Raised lesion smaller than 1 cm.
Ex: Molluscum

(primary lesion)

30
Q

Plaque

A

United papules forming a surface larger than 1cm. Ex: Psoriasis

(primary lesion)

31
Q

Nodule:

A

Hard soiled elevated lesion larger than 1cm. Ex: Dermatofibroma

(primary lesion)

32
Q

Tumor

A

Large nodule.
Ex: Lipoma

(primary lesion)

33
Q

Wheal

A

A plaque that is filled with fluid.

Ex: Dermographism

34
Q

Vesicle

A

A blister smaller than 1cm.
Ex: Herpes Simplex

(primary lesion)

35
Q

Pustule

A

An infected papule.
Ex: Acne Vulgaris

(primary lesion)

36
Q

Crust

A

Dried body of serum, such as died pus or blood.
Ex: Impetigo

(secondary lesions)

37
Q

Scale

A

Dry flakes of skin.
Ex: Seborrheic Dermatitis

(secondary lesions)

38
Q

Fissure

A

Cracked skin.
Ex: Cheilosis

(secondary lesions)

39
Q

Erosion

A

Depression in the skin.
Ex: Scratch

(secondary lesions)

40
Q

Ulcer

A

A deep erosion in which the skin surface is destroyed.
Ex: Pressure Sore

(secondary lesions)

41
Q

Koilonychia

A

Nail is thin, concaved, and has raised edges.

42
Q

Paronychia

A

Nail fold is inflamed, red, and swollen.

43
Q

Beau’s Line

A

Depression across the nail that looks like a furrow or groove.

44
Q

Splinter Hemorrhages

A

Red-brown linear streaks and embolic lesions.

45
Q

Clubbing

A

Inner edge of nail elevates and the distal phalanx looks rounder and wider.
Flattening of the angle between the nail & base.

46
Q

Annular - rash

A

Circular.

Begins in center & spreads to periphery

47
Q

Confluent - rash

A

Lesions run together

urticaria

48
Q

Discrete - rash

A

Distinct, individual lesions that remain separate

acochordons

49
Q

Gyrate - rash

A

Twisted, coiled, spiral, snakelike

50
Q

Linear - rash

A

Scratch, streak, line, stripe

51
Q

Zosteriform - rash

A

linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route

herpes zoster

52
Q

Grouped - rash

A

Cluster of lesions

53
Q

Target - rash

A

resembles iris of eye.

Concentric rings of color in lesion

54
Q

Polycyclic - rash

A

annular lesions grow together

psoriasis

55
Q

Components of a nail examination include:

A

contour, consistency, and color

56
Q

To determine if a dark skinned patient is pale, the nurse should assess the color of the…

A

conjunctivae

57
Q

Normal angle of a nail is

A

160 degrees

Nursing Second Semester (5 decks)

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