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PRE-REG > SKIN > Flashcards

SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

How should Oral thrush be treated?

A

1) Daktarin (Miconazole) oral gel
2) Nystatin solution
3) Oral fluconazole

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2
Q

Urea is often present in many topical agents. What is its action?

A

Hydrating agent

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3
Q

How is Nappy Rash managed?

A

1) Change Nappy more frequently
2) Irritant case: Barrier cream e.g. Sudocreme, Drapolene, Zinc oxide
3) Fungal cases: Clotrimazole cream BD- do not use barrier cream till infection settled

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4
Q

How are insect bites and stings usually managed?

A

Antihistamine cream or short course of steroid cream if inflamed.
DO NOT use calamine lotion- leaves itchy residues

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5
Q

Topical local anaesthetics may be used for burns, wasp stings etc. These should be avoided in young children, and used for max __ days?

A

max 3 days

Creams containing Benzocaine

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6
Q

Hydrocortisone is a ___ steroid
Hydrocortisone + urea is a ____ steroid
Hydrocortisone Butyrate is a _____ steroid

A

Mild
Moderate
Potent

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7
Q

One of the treatments of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp is Coal Tar (nizoral) shampoo.

A

It is an SLS item but this does not apply for use in seborrhoeic dermatitis

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8
Q

First line treatment for seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Ketoconazole 2% shampoo

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9
Q

What drugs can exacerbate psoriasis?

A 
Lithium
Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine
Beta blockers
NSAIDS
ACEi
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10
Q

A lot of emollients used in Eczema management are marked ACBS. What does this mean?

A

Advisory Committee of Borderline Substances:
In certain conditions, some foods and toiletry preparations have the characteristics of drugs. A board known as the Advisory Committee on Borderline Substances (ACBS) advises on the circumstances in which these products may be regarded as drugs, and if prescribed in accordance with their advise, prescriptions need to be marked ACBS.

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11
Q

A lot of emollients are ‘leave-on’ preparations like moisturisers: Just rub these in the direction of the hairs and leave on. Aqueous cream should be used as a soap substitute and is rinsed off after application. Why is it not used as a leave-on prep?

A

Aqueous cream may increase the risk of skin reactions if left on particularly in eczema, often within 20 mins of application.

It is Sodium Lauryl sulphate in the cream that can cause this!
NB: emulsifying ointment is also used as a soap substitute in the bath

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12
Q

Urea is occasionally used with other topical agents, like corticosteroids, in order to do what?

A

Enhance penetration of the skin- makes them more potent

Eg. Hydrocortisone cream= mild steroid, hydrocortisone + urea= moderate

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13
Q

What drugs, used for psoriasis and acne, are teratogenic?

A

Oral Retinoids:
Isotretinoin
Acitretin
Alitretinoin

These are similar to VITAMIN A/ RETINOL and this is also contra-indicated in pregnancy!

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14
Q

Acetretin is especially teratogenic. When should pregnancy be avoided?

A

3 days before, every month whilst on it and at least 3 years after

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15
Q

When should contraception be used with Isotretinoin?

A

1 month before and 1 month after (even with topical). Exclude pregnany 3 days before every month during treatment and 5 weeks after

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16
Q

Is sunlight exposure advised for those receiving acne treatments ?

A

No- the retinoids used to treat acne and benzoyl peroxide may make the skin more sensitive to sunlight.

Sunlight in acne anyway has little evidence of being helpful

17
Q

Which drugs used for acne may cause Benign Intercranial Hypertension?

A 
Oral Retinoids: 
Isotretinoin
Acitretin 
Alitretinoin 
Discontinue if severe headache, nausea, vomiting or visual disturbance occur
18
Q

Which Oral retinoid can cause psychiatric reactions like Psychosis, suicidal ideation? How should this be managed? What about Visual disturbance?

A

Isotretinoin

refer to an expert for both psychiatric and visual problems

19
Q

What should a patient do if they experience bloody diarrhoea or severe skin peeling with isotretinoin?

A

Discontinue treatment

20
Q

Rosacea, commonly presenting as particularly reddened facial skin/ flushing, butterfly (but don’t mistake for lupus) and pustules and papules, must always be referred. What does it require treatment with?

A

Antibiotics-

topical metronidazole
Oral tetracycline/ doxycycline

Brimonidine tartrate is also licensed for rosacea

21
Q

Women may take Co-cyrindol with ethinyestradiol (Dianette) for acne. What must they be warned about?

A

Risk of VTE (its a contraceptive)

22
Q

Topical antibiotics , e.g. erythromycin or tetracycline, can be used for acne, for a least __ months

A

6 months

Oral tetracyclines commonly used also

23
Q

How should cradle cap in infants be treated?

A

Olive oil or Arachic oil (nut oil) or coconut oil

24
Q

Preparations for Male pattern baldness include Finasteride and Minoxidil. Can these be prescribed on NHS Rx’s?

A

NO- all preps for male baldness not available on prescription

25
Q

What is used to treat impetigo?

A

Topical antibiotics e.g. Fusidic acid or MUPIROCIN OINTMENT. Use for No longer than 10 days

Oral Flucloxacillin / clindamycin also indicated

26
Q

How is ring worm (Tinea corporis and Capitis) treated?

A

If its NOT on the scalp: Use topical anti fungal e.g. miconazole, clortimazole

If its on the scalp (TINEA CAPITIS)- requires oral antifungal- griseofulvin or terbinafine, possibly ketoconazole shampoo (Nizoral) but would need to be SLS.

27
Q

How should Nicotinamide (freederm) gel be applied?

A

Apply after washing face with warm water and soap, twice daily

28
Q

Permethrin and Malathion can be used in Scabies treatment. What is the directions??

A

Permethrin: Apply to entire body, leave on for 8-12 hours
Malathion: Apply to entire body, leave on for 24 hours

Repeat treatment again after 7 days
Itching may continue for 2-3 weeks after treatment due to allergens- will eventually fade
Treat whole house

29
Q

What is an incubation period?

A

Period between exposure to an infection and appearance of the first symptoms e.g. incubation period for chickenpox is 1- 3 weeks

PRE-REG (30 decks)

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