skin Flashcards
What are the 4 morphologic characteristics of skin lesions?
- distribution - Shape - Border - Pigmentation
A skin lesion can be distributed in what 3 fashions?
- localized: one small area
- regional: speficic region of body
- generalized/disseminated: widely distributed
what are annular lesions? Give an example of an infection that produces this type of lesion
round; active margins with central clearing
- ex: tinea corporis

What is a zosteriform lesion (describes it’s shape)? Give an example of a disease that produces this type of lesion
- dermatomal- following a nerve segment
- ex: herpes zoster

Describe iris/target lesions. Give an example of a disease that has this type of lesion associated with it
- pink macules with purple central papules
ex: erythema multiforme

Describe a serpiginous lesion
having a wavy margin
- Ex: hookworm larvae

Describe a morbilliform lesion.
- measels-like
- erythematous maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body
- *primarily seen with drug eruption

What is the difference between a distinct and indistinct lesion
- distinct: well-demarcated or defined; able to draw a line around the area with confidence
- indistinct: poorly defined; borders merge with normal skin
Describe an active lesion
margin of lesion shows greater activity than the center

Describe an irregular lesion
notched margins; not smooth
ex: malignant melanoma

Describe a lesion that has raised borders
center of lesion is depressed compared to the edge
- ex: basal cell carcinoma

What are the ABCDs of malignant melanoma
- A: asymmetry
- B: borders (irregular)
- C: color (variegatd)
- D: diameter > 6 mm
- E: elevation

What do secondary skin lesions arise from
- arise from changes in primary lesions
- usually due to scratching and or infection
What two types of primary skin lesions have the characteristics of circumscribed, flat, and non-palpable?
- macule
- patch
What three primary skin lesions are characterized by superficial elevations by free fluid
- vesicle
- bulla
- pustule
what 5 primary skin lesions are characterized by palpable, elevated solid masses
- papule
- plaque
- nodule
- tumor
- wheal
in order for a lesion to be considered a macule, what are its characteristics
- flat, non-palpable
- < 1 cm in diameter

measels, freckles, and petechiae are what kind of skin lesion
macule
what are the characteristics of a patch
- flat, non-palpable
- > 1 cm in diameter

identify and give skin lesion classification

mongolian spots
- patch
identify and give skin lesion classification

cafe au lait spots
- patch
identify and give skin lesion classification

port wine stain
- patch
identify and give skin lesion classification

vitiligo
- patch
give characteristics of a papule
- up to 1 cm
- palpable, firm
- may be confluent and form plaques
warts and nevi are what type of skin lesion
papule
name this skin lesion that results from a viral infection and give its skin lesion classification

molluscum contagiosum
- papule
Give the characteristics of a plaque
- elevated, firm, rough
- > 1 cm
psoriasis and eczema are examples of what primary skin lesion
plaque

give the characteristics of a nodule
- > 0.5 cm
- deeper and firmer than a papule
- usually round
lipomas, and skin cancers (malignant melanoma, basal cells or squamous cell carcinoma) are examples of what type of primary skin lesion
nodule
Give the characteristics of a tumor
- a large nodule
- deeper in dermis
- > 2 cm
identify this skin lesion caused by dilation of dermal capillaries and give primary skin lesion classification

- hemangioma
- tumor
give the characteristics of a wheal
- irregular, transient, superficial edema
mosquito bites, hives, and allergic reacion are examples of what type of primary skin lesion
wheal

give the characteristics of a vesicle
- up to 1 cm
- well-circumscribed
- filled with serous fluid
identify and give the primary skin lesion

herpes simplex
- vesicle
Give the characteristics of a bulla
- greater than 1.0 cm
- filled with serous fluid
second degree burns and blisters are an example of what type of primary skin lesion
bulla
Give the characteristics of a pustule
- elevated, superficial, well circumscribed
- epidermal
- filled with pus
acne and fire ant bites are examples of what type of primary skin lesion
pustule
identify and give primary skin lesion classification

impetigo
- pustule
Name the 3 types of secondary skin lesions that result from a loss of skin surface
- erosion
- ulcer
- fissure
Give the characteristics of the secondary skin lesion: erosion
- loss of superficial epidermis
- surface is moist but doesn’t bleed
a ruptured varicella vesicle is an example of what type of secondary skin lesion
erosion

give the characteristics of an ulcer
- deeper loss of epidermis and dermis
- heals with scarring
identify this skin lesion caused by venous insufficiency

stasis ulcer
give characteristics of fissure
linear crack, or break, from the epidermis to the dermis
identify and give skin lesion classification

- tinea pedis (althletes foot)
- fissure
identify this skin lesion and give its classification

angular cheilitis
- fissure
dried residue of serum, pus, or blood gives rise to what secondary skin lesion
crust
identify and give secondary skin lesion classification

tinea capitis: fungal infection of scalp
- crust
identify this abscess caused by fungal infection

kerion
a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis describes what type of secondary skin lesion? Give examples
scale
- dandruff; psoriasis
identify this type of scale secondary skin lesion

seborrheic dermatitis
define lichenification
- thickening and roughening of the skin
- increased visibility of skin markings
- ex: atopic and chronic dermatitis

topical steroid use can cause what secondary skin lesion
atrophy: thinning of skin with loss of normal skin markings
give the characteristics of petechiae
- deep red/purple-red lesions <0.5 cm
- non-blanchable
- represent blood outside of vessel

give the characteristics of purpura
- deep red/purpe-red lesions >0.5 cm
- larger than petechiae

give characteristics of ecchymosis
- bruise
- purple lesions of variable size
- fade to green, yellow, brown
- represents blood outside of vessels due to trauma or bleeding disorder
give characteristics of spider angiomas
- fiery red lesions up to 2 cm
- central body with surrounding erythema and radiating legs
- blanch with pressure
- seen on face, neck, arms and upper trunk

spider angiomas are commonly seen with what conditions
liver disease and pregnancy
give characteristics of cherry angiomas
- bright red papules 1-3 mm in size
- flat or raised
- dont blanch
- associated with aging

define telangectasias
- fine, irregular red lines secondary to dilation of capillaries
- blanch
- seen with sun damaged skin, rosacea, and basal cell carcinomas

papules, plaques, and scales are part of what category of skin disease
papulosquamous
identify and describe this skin lesion using the five p’s

lichen planus
- pruritic
- polygonal
- purple
- planar
- papule
give examples of benign nodule lesions
benign epidermal and dermal nodules
ex: nevi; cherry angioma
squamous cell carcinoma is an example of what category of skin diseases
malignant nodular lesion

identify and describe

- basal cell carcinoma
- “pearly” nodule in sun exposed area
- associated with central ulceration and telangiectasis
- malignant nodular lesion
impetigo, herpes, and pemphigus fall under what skin lesion catagory
vesiculobullous lesion
name this autoimmune disease in which vesicles and bullae form on the skin and can rupture

pemphigus
drug eruption(pictured) and viral exanthems are an example of what classification of skin lesion

maculopapular lesion
identify this condition in which the nails are rounded and feel spongy. Name some causes

clubbing
- chronic hypoxia
- congenital heart disease
- lung CA
transverse depressions on nails secondary to trauma or acute or severe illness are called

beau’s lines
* lines grow out with nail
frequent immersion in water can cause nails that have acute or chronic inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds. name this condition

Paronychia
what is the medical term for ingrown toenail
onychocryptosis
aging as well as chronic disease (DM, heart failure) can cause nails that appear mostly white with a distal band of reddish brown. Name this

Terry’s nails
trauma or repeat manicuring of nails can cause areas of white discoloration on the nail. Name this condition

Leukonychia
iron defiency anemia can cause the nails to appear spooned. Name this condition

Koilonychia
trauma to long finger nails, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis can cause a painless seperation of the nail plate from the nail bed. Name this condition

onycholysis
occlusive footwear, dissemination of fungal infection and locker room exposure can cause a fungal infection of the nail bed, plate, or matrix. Name this condition

onychomycosis
psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and alopecia areata can cause this condition

nail pitting