Skin

Question 1

Macule

Answer 1

circumscribed, flat, non palpable, change in skin color
up to 1cm
Flat, brown or flat, erythematous

Question 2

Patch

Answer 2

macule larger than 1cm

Question 3

Papule

Answer 3

Palpable, elevated, circumscribed, solid mass
caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis
just the epidermis that elevates
does not contain fluid
up to 0.5cm

Question 4

Plaque

Answer 4

a flat, elevated surface
often formed by coalescences of papules
larger than 0.5cm

Question 5

Nodule

Answer 5

solid, elevated firm or soft mass
less than 1-2cm
may be firmer and extend deeper into dermis than papule

Question 6

Tumor

Answer 6

a solid, elevated firm or soft mass
larger than 1-2cm
extending deeper into dermis

Question 7

Wheal

Answer 7

superficial, raised, erythematous, transit lesions with irregular borders
due to localized edema (fluid present)

Question 8

Urticaria

Answer 8

Wheals coalescing to form an extensive reaction
intensely pruitic (itchy)

Question 9

Vesicle

Answer 9

circumscribed, superficial, elevated cavity
contains free fluid
up to 1cm

Question 10

Bullae

Answer 10

larger vesicle
larger than 1cm
usually single chambered and can rupture very easily
superficial in epidermis

Question 11

Cyst

Answer 11

encapsulated fluid or pus-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous
tensely elevating the skin
larger than 1cm

Question 12

Pustules

Answer 12

circumscribed, superficial, elevated cavity
contains turbid fluid (pus)
up to 1cm

Question 13

Crust

Answer 13

thickened, dried residue of burst vesicles, pustules, or blood
ranges from red-brown to honey depending on fluid of origin

Question 14

Scaling

Answer 14

compact, desiccated flakes of skin
dry or greasy; silvery or white
from shedding of dead excess keratin cells

Question 15

Fissures

Answer 15

a linear crack with abrupt edges; can be dry or moist

extends into dermis

Question 16

Erosion

Answer 16

superficial, circumscribed loss of epidermis
shallow depression; moist but no bleeding
heals without a scar because it does not extend into dermis

Question 17

Ulcer

Answer 17

circumscribed depression extending into dermis
irregular shape and may bleed
leaves a scar

Question 18

Excoriation

Answer 18

scratch mark and superficial

can be self-inflicted abrasion secondary to intense itching

Question 19

Scar

Answer 19

after open reduction of fracture
replacement of destroyed normal skin tissue by fibrous connective tissue
permanent change

Question 20

Atrophy

Answer 20

depressed skin level resulting from loss of tissue

thinning of the epidermis with loss of normal skin furrows, resulting in shiny, translucent skin

Question 21

Lichenification

Answer 21

thickening and roughening of skin usually as a result of intense scratching
results from tightly packed set of papules
causes increased visibility of superficial skin markings

Question 22

Keloid Scar

Answer 22

Hypertrophic scar
resulting skin level is elevated by excess scar tissue, which is invasive beyond the site of origin injury
darker skin colors may have higher propensity

Question 23

Petechia

Answer 23

erythematous; pin-sized macules of blood in the skin caused by little broken blood vessels
less than 3mm

Question 24

Purpura

Answer 24

larger macule or papule of blood in the skin; don’t blanch
older people
0.3-1cm

Question 25

Eccymosis

Answer 25

small hemorrhagic spot in the skin or a mucous membrane; larger than a petechial, forming a non-elevated, rounded or irregular purplish patch
1cm
caused by escape of blood into tissues from ruptured blood vessels

Question 26

Cherry Angioma

Answer 26

small, bright red papules and of no consequence

trunks of middle-aged and elderly

Question 27

Spider Angioma

Answer 27

Stellate telangiectases that look like spiders; often palpable feeding vessel
press on center and it will disappear
indicative of liver function
normal on faces of children and in pregnancy

Question 28

Telangiectasia

Answer 28

permanently dilated and visible vessels in the skin

appear linear, punctate, or stellate crimson-purple markings

Question 29

Nevus Flammeus

Answer 29

present at birth and caused by dilated dermal capillaries
pale, pink to purple macules
face and trunk