Respiratory Flashcards
Normal Lung
Trachea--midline Tractile Fremitus—normal Percussion—resonant Breath sounds—vesicular except perhaps over large bronchi or trachea Adventitious sounds—none
Actelectasis
Trachea—may be shifted towards involved side
Tactile Fremitus—usually absent
Percussion—dull over airless area
Breath sounds—usually absent when bronchial plug
Adventitous sounds—none
Pneumonia
Trachea—midline
Tactile fremitus—increased over involved area with bronchophony, egophony, whispered pectoriloquy
Percussion—dull over airless area
Breath sounds—bronchovesicular or bronchial over involved area (abnormal)
Adventitious sounds—late inspiratory crackles over involved area
Emphysema
Percuss—high pitched (hyperresonant) Trachea—midline Tactile Fremitus—decreased Breath sounds—decreased to absent Adventitious sounds—none or scattered coarse crackles in early inspiration and perhaps expiration; or wheezes and bronchi associated with chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Trachea—midline Tactile fremitus—decreased Percussion—resonant to hypersonant Breath sounds—often obscured by wheezes Adventitious sounds—wheezes (sibilant), possibly crackles
Pleural Effusion
Trachea—shifted toward opposite side in large effusion
Tactile fremitus—decreased to absent
Percussion—dull to flat over fluid
Breath sounds—decreased to absent; but bronchial sounds may be heard near top of large effusion
Adventitious sounds—none; except a possible rub
Pneumothorax
Trachea—shifted toward opposite side if much air
Tactile fremitus—decreased to absent over pleural air
Percussion—hyperresonant to tympanic over pleural air
Breath sounds—decreased to absent over pleural air
Adventitious sounds—none, except a possible pleural rub
Congestive Heart Failure
Trachea—midline Tactile Fremitus—decreased Percussion—resonant Breath sounds—vesicular Adventitious sounds—late inspiratory crackles in the dependent portions of lungs; possibly wheezes
