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Assessment > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

0
Q

Fissure

A

Linear cracks that extend into the dermis

Ex: Chelosis, athletes foot, eczema

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1
Q

Crust

A

Thickened dry out exudate left when pustule bursts or dries up

Ex: impetigo, weeping eczema, scab after abrasion

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2
Q

Excoriation

A

Self inflicted abrasion, superficial from intense itching

Ex: insect bites, scabies, varicella

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3
Q

Fitzpatrick sign

A

Dimpling or retraction of the lesion beneath the skin with lateral compression seen with dermatofibromas

Asymptomatic and immunocompromised

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4
Q

Macule

A

Flat circumscribed nonpalpable, small up to 1 cm

Freckles, measles, Nevis

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5
Q

Patch

A

Macules > 1cm

Mongolian spots, vitiligo, cafe aulait

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6
Q

Papule

A

Solid, elevated, circumscribed <1cm, above the skin and resistance when touched

Mole, wart

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7
Q

Vitilgo

A

Absence of melanocytes

Increased risk for thyroid DM pernicious anemia

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8
Q

Miliaria Rubra

A

Scattered vesicles on an erythematous base, sweat gland obstruction

Disappears in weeks

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9
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

Looks like flea bites and of unknown etiology

Disappears 1 week after birth

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10
Q

Pustular Melanesia

A

Small vestculopustules over a brown macular base

AA infants, last several months

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11
Q

Milia

A

Pinhead smooth white raised areas without surrounding erythema due to retention of sebum in sebaceous glands

Forehead nose chin

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12
Q

Scleroderma

A 
Sclero= hard 
Derma= skin

Can damage internal organs or tissues

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13
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruising

0-5 days: red blue purple tender
5-10 days: greenish yellow
>10 days: brown
2-4wks: healed

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14
Q

Salmon patch

A

Stork bite on neck
flat irregular light pink patches
Nervus simplex
Gone by 1 year old

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15
Q

Port wine stain

A

Dark purple lesions on face or extremities that doesn’t fade

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16
Q

Plaque

A

Papules >1cm plateau like, disc shaped

Confined to superficial dermis

Ex: linea corporis, psoriasis

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17
Q

Linea corporis

A

Ringworm

Lives on and eats keratin in skin/dermatophyte

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18
Q

Psoriasis

A

Hereditary disorder of silvery white scales with sharply demarcated erythematous papules and plaques of varying size

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19
Q

Dermatophyte

A

Label for 3 types of fungus that cause infections of the trunk legs arms

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20
Q

Fifth’s disease

A

Slapped cheek rash on the face and a red lacy rash on the trunk and limbs

Human parvovirus B19

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21
Q

Nodule

A

Solid, elevated, hard or soft, >1cm that extends deeper into the dermis than a papule

Ex: xanthoma, fibroma, carcinoma

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22
Q

Tumor

A

Solid, elevated, hard or soft, >2 cm

Ex:lipoma, hemangioma

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23
Q

Wheal

A

Superficial, raised, transient, erythematous, irregular

ex: insect bite, allergic rxn

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24
Q

Auspitz sign

A

Removal of scale in psoriasis shows a dot of blood

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25
Q

Urticaia

A

Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction very pruritic

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26
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevated cavity with free fluid up to 1cm
Clear serum if opened

Herpes simplex, varicella, herpes zoster

27
Q

Bulla

A

Elevated cavity with free fluid >1cm with thin wall

Burst easily with clear fluid

Blister, burn, contact dermatitis

28
Q

Pustule

A

Circumscribed, elevated, and filled with pus in the cavity

Acne, impetigo, folliculitis

29
Q

Erosions

A

Scooped out but shallow depression, superficial epidermis loss, moist no bleeding
Heals without scar

30
Q

Ulcer

A

Deep depression that extends into dermis and beyond, irregular shapes, may bleed/scar

31
Q

Lichenification

A

Prolonged intense itching

Thickens skin producing increased visibility of skin furrows

32
Q

Keloid

A

Hypertrophic scar, elevated, invasive

33
Q

Scale

A

Compact desiccated flakes of skin dry or greasy from shedding of dead excess keratin cells

34
Q

Atrophic dermatitis

A

Eczema
Uncontrolled scratching
Erythematous papules and plaques, weeping pustules

35
Q

Seborrhea dermatitis

A

Erythematous papules and plaques with greasy YELLOW scales and crusts

36
Q

Cherry angioma

A

Bright red to ruby 1-3mm, no pulse, blanchable, round flat or raised on trunk

Insignificant

37
Q

Spider angioma

A

Fiery red small <2cm, central body with radiating legs, may pulse in spider body, may blanch

Hepatic disease, pregnancy, vitamin B deficiency

38
Q

Petechiae

A

Deep red or reddish purple 1-2mm round flat NO PULSATION

Formed by blood escaping from the vessels

Bleeding issue

39
Q

Venous star/Spider vein

A

Bluish in color, size is variable, shape variation, NO pulsation or blanching

Lower extremities
Increased pressure in superficial veins

40
Q

Erysipelas

A

Cellulitis caused by beta hemolytic strep or staph aureus

Spreading infection of dermal and subq tissue

41
Q

Nikolsky sign

A

Top layers separate from bottom layer when slightly rubbed

Autoimmune condition: pemphigus vulgaris

Bacterial infection: scalded skin syndrome

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

42
Q

CA-MRSA

A

Furuncles, deep-seated folliculitis. Impetigo, abscess or ecthyma

43
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common skin cancer
Slow growing
>40 yrs
Translucent pearly papule or ulcer w/ roller border & crust pink or red smooth glistening

44
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor from exogenous carcinogens…sunlight, arsenic ingestion, x Rays

> 55

Erythematous scaly patch w/sharp margins

45
Q

Melanoma

A 
History 
Age 50
R no regular dermatologist 
Mole change
Male gender

4-5 risk makes 4x more likely

46
Q

Malignant melanoma

A 
Asymmetry
Border: irregular
Color: mottled/many shades
Diameter: >6mm 
Elevation: usual, tangential light
Enlargement: HX INCREASED SIZE
Feeling: pain itch tender
47
Q

Superficial spreading melanoma

A 
Flat irregular shape/color 
Different shades of black and brown 
Preexisting Nevis
Caucasians 
Most common subtype 70%
48
Q

Nodular melanoma

A

Starts as a raised area
Dark blackish-blue or bluish-red
Most aggressive

49
Q

Lentigo maligna melanoma

A 
AKA Hutchinsons freckle
Sun damaged skin
Large flat tan with brown 
face neck arms legs
70s/female
50
Q

Acral lentiginous melanoma

A

Lesion flat irregular margin/pigment rapidly raised
Palms soles under nails
AA

51
Q

What are the stats on melanoma lesions?

A

98% 5yr survival rate

>4mm = 1mm worst prognosis

52
Q

Deep tissue injury

A

Purple wound

Skin intact

53
Q

Stage 1 PU

A

Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
Epidermal redness
Swelling
Heat or pain

54
Q

Stage 2 PU

A 
Partial thickness skin loss
Involves epidermis, dermis or both 
Blister/superficial break in skin
Distinct edges
Surrounding redness
55
Q

Stage 3 PU

A

Full thickness skin loss
Subq damage
Possible infection
Possible Eschar

56
Q

Stage 4 PU

A

Full thickness skin loss
Extends to muscle or bone
Possible infection

57
Q

What is the normal profile of a nail bed?

A

160 degrees

58
Q

What do yellow nails indicate?

A

Lung disorders

59
Q

What does white nails indicate?

A

Arsenic, heart disease, CRF

60
Q

Koilonchyia

A

FE deficiency

Spooning

61
Q

Beau’s lines

A

Recovering from serious illness 1860s

62
Q

Splinter hemorrhages

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Trauma

63
Q

Annular

A

Ring shaped

64
Q

Reticular

A

Net like

65
Q

Suborrheic keratosis

A

Most common noncancerous
Old ppl
Black brown on face chest shoulder or back

Assessment (3 decks)

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