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Assessment > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

0
Q

What drugs cause BL swelling on the the glands?

A 
Sulfonamide 
Lead 
Mercury 
Iodine 
PTU
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1
Q

Unilateral swelling

A

Ductal calculus-infection

Painless swelling- tumor

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2
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

Gives constant irrigation to keep conjunctiva and cornea moist
Secretes tears

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3
Q

Where do tears drain

A

Puncta at inner canthus to nasolacrimal sac to nose

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4
Q

Extraocular muscles

A

6 muscles : 4 straight movement, 2 oblique movement

CN 3,4,6

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5
Q

Which CN are responsible for corneal reflex

A

CN 5 & 7

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6
Q

Macula

A

Point of vision

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7
Q

Glaucoma screening

A

AA 20-39 q3-5
40-64 q2-4
65> q1-2

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8
Q

Snellen chart

A

Acuity at distance
Smallest line that can see more than 1/2 letters
Refer if difference is more than 2 lines between eyes

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9
Q

Baby sight at 1 mo

A

Fixes objects

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10
Q

Baby sight at 1 1/2mo

A

Coordinated eye movements

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11
Q

Baby sight at 3 mo

A

Convergence, reach/touch

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12
Q

Baby sight at 12 mo

A

Acuity 50/50

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13
Q

Sight at less than 4yrs

A

20/40

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14
Q

Sight at greater than 4yrs

A

20/30

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15
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

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16
Q

Astigmatism

A

Irregular curvature of eyes surface

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17
Q

Presbyopia

A

Farsightedness with age

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18
Q

Ocular manifestation of systemic disease

A

HTN DM

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19
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of uveal tract including iris, ciliary body, choroid

Fluid collection at bottom of eye

3rd cause of blindness

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20
Q

Visual fields/ confrontation

A

Peripheral vision

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21
Q

Corneal light reflex

A

Parallel alignment of eye axis

12in away shine light into eye
Reflection on corneas should be symmetric in center

Abn: muscle weakness, paralysis

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22
Q

Cover uncover

A

Alignment deviation aka lazy eye

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23
Q

Cardinal fields of gaze

A

Test muscle weakness

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24
Q

What does blue sclera indicate

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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25
Q

Stellwags sign

A

Infrequent/incomplete blinking

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26
Q

Mobius sign

A

Impairment of ocular convergence

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27
Q

Joffroys sign

A

Immobility of facial muscles when eyeballs are rolled upward

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28
Q

Graefes sign

A

Lag of upper lid as it follows rotation of eyeball downward

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29
Q

Rosenbachs sign

A

Fine tremor of upperlids when eyes are gently closed

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30
Q

What does bilirubin have to be to produce an icteric sclera in bright daylight

A

1.5-1.7

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31
Q

What does the bilirubin have to be to produce an icteric sclera in artificial daylight?

A

> 4.0

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32
Q

Normal bilirubin

A

0.3-1.2

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33
Q

Pinguecula

A

Small rounded yellowish collection on conjunctiva due to actinic exposure

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34
Q

Pterygium

A

Small rounded yellowish collection on conjunctiva to cornea

Compromises vision

Surfers eye

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35
Q

Hordeolum

A

Sty

Staph infection of hair follicle at lid margin

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36
Q

Chalazion

A

Beady nodule protruding eye lid due to infection of meibomian gland

Doesn’t hurt

Long recovery

37
Q

Leukocoria

A

Retina detachment
White pupil
Loss of red reflex

38
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

Most common intraocular malignancy of childhood

60% leukocria

39
Q

Arcus senilis

A

Stromal lipid deposition near limbus starts as an arc

Atherosclerosis

Normal 40yrs

40
Q

What is the common cause of unequal pupils

A

Anisocoria

LACK EQUAL PUPILS

Horner’s, 3rd nerve palsy

41
Q

The black numbers on the ophthalmoscope are for?

A

Positive

Anterior ocular structure

42
Q

What are the red numbers on the opthalmascope for

A

Negative

Posterior structures

43
Q

Use the green light for

A 
Retinal hemorrhages (black)
Small vessels change
44
Q

The disc is always on what side

A

Nasal side

45
Q

How do you locate the ocular fungus?

A

Dark room
Pt stares at fixed object which dilates eyes
Red reflex 8-10in away at zero
Using black close find optic disc on nasal side
Change to red and follow vessels centrally

46
Q

What is the normal cup to disc ratio

A

Horizontal diameter not greater than 1/2 disc diameter

47
Q

Describe the optic disc

A

Creamy yellow or orange
Round or oval
Distinct sharp margins

48
Q

What does the arteries look like im the eye

A

Bright red with white reflex stripe

49
Q

What does veins look like in the eye

A

1/4 larger than artery
No white reflex
Dark

50
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Sharpest vision location

51
Q

What does the macula look like

A

1 DD in size 2DD temporal to the disc
Darker than fundus
FIND LAST DUE TO DISCOMFORT

52
Q

Papilledema

A

Bulging disc
EYE EMERGENCY
Increased ICP acute HTN

53
Q

AV Nicking

A

HTN long term

54
Q

Flame hemorrhage

A

Little flames

HTN

55
Q

Retinal hemorrhage

A

Red dots

Sign of bleeding related to DM

56
Q

Microaneurysms

A

Red dots/bleeding

HTN DM

57
Q

Neovascularization

A

Small collateral tortuous vessels

DM long term

58
Q

Cotton wool patches

A

White fluffy spots

HTN DM

59
Q

Hard exudates

A

Hard white spots

HTN DM

60
Q

Drusen bodies

A

Random white bodies

Age related macular degeneration

61
Q

Acute angle closure glacoma

A 
Build up of pressure 4x normal 
Painful nausea 
Change in visual acuity 
Red teary eye and cloudy cornea
EMERGENCY
62
Q

Cochlea

A

Sensory organ for hearing

63
Q

Vestibule and semicircular canals

A

Sensory organs for equilibrium

64
Q

Which CN is related to bone conduction

A

CN 8

65
Q

Pathway of hearing

A

Ear transmits sound
Converts to vibration
Brain analyzes

66
Q

Conductive loss is an issue with

A

Blockage

67
Q

Sensorineural loss is an issue with

A

Innervation

68
Q

Labyrinth

A

Tell brains place in space

69
Q

Microtia

A

Less than 4 cm external ear

70
Q

Macrotia

A

More than 10cm external ear

71
Q

Weber test

A

Should be heard equally in both ears

When abnormal conductive loss lateralizes to bad ear while sensorial loss lateralizes to good ear

72
Q

Renne test

A

Air to bone conduction

Air is 2x long as bone

73
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Shiny pearly gray

Cones visible

74
Q

Where does the cone reflex in right ear

A

5 o clock

75
Q

Where does the cone reflex in the left ear

A

7 o clock

76
Q

Serous Otitis media

A

Yellow Amber ear drum

77
Q

Acute Otis media

A

Red eardrum

78
Q

Fungal ear infection

A

Black white dots in canal and on drum

79
Q

Oral cancer risk factors

A

ETOH
SMOKING
HPV

80
Q

Cheilitis

A

Cracking in corners of lips

81
Q

Circumoral pallor

A

Shock or anemia

82
Q

Cherry red lips

A

CO

ASA poisoning

83
Q

Black hairy tongue

A

Changes in normal bacteria or yeast from antibiotics
Pepto bismol
Tobacco
Mouthwashes

84
Q

Hairy leukoplakia

A

Multiple white warty painless plaques on lateral side of tongue
HIV/ immunosuppression

85
Q

Traumatic ulcer

A

Complex mouth ulcers from immunosuppression, vit b12 , folic acid, GI disease
Stress
Citrus or acidic foods fruits

86
Q

Tonsils are normal at what size

A

+1

87
Q

Tonsilar infection

A

+2- +4

88
Q

Tonsil with white membrane

A

Mono
Leukemia
Diptheria

89
Q

Koplick spots

A

Measles

Assessment (3 decks)

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