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biom1052 > SKIN > Flashcards

SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

Skin also called

A

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE

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2
Q

Skin is part of what system

A

Integumentary system

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3
Q

Name of the layers

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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4
Q

How many layers?

A

3

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5
Q

What layer is the Epidermis?

A

Upper layer closest to external environment

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6
Q

What layer is the dermis?

A

The middle layer

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7
Q

What layer is the hypodermis?

A

The deepest layer

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8
Q

What are the epidermal derivatives?

A

Hair, nails and glands. They grow from the epidermis

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9
Q

what are the two types of skin

A

thin (small epidermis) and thick (great epidermis)

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10
Q

what are examples of thick skin

A

hairless, palms and soles of feet

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11
Q

what are examples of thin skin

A

hairy usually, and most of the body

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12
Q

Main layers of the epidermis

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum

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13
Q

What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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14
Q

properties of stratum lucidum

A
  • only in thick skin
  • clear layer
  • subdivision of the stratum corneum (stratum lucidum is considered a specialized part or layer within the broader stratum corneum)
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15
Q

properties of stratum corneum

A
  • DEEPEST LAYER
  • water resistant barrier due to lipid coating
  • cell maturation: nucleus pushed out –> no nucleus or organelles –> cant make proteins –> DEAD CELLS
  • cell membrane thickened and hard
  • filled with keratin fillaments
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16
Q

properties of stratum basale

A
  • deepest layer
  • single layer of cells
  • contain stem cells for regeneration of epidermis
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17
Q

properties of the stratum spinosum

A
  • prickly layer (spikey)
  • daughter cells from basale
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18
Q

properties of the stratum granulosum

A
  • granular layer
  • contains granules –> keratine formation + water resistance
19
Q

what are keratinocytes

A

cells that produce keratin

20
Q

Layers of the dermis

A

PAPILARY (closest to epidermis) and RETICULAR (closest to hypodermis)

21
Q

Medical term for the lack of blood vessels in the epidermis

A

AVASCULAR

22
Q

Papilary layer properties

A
  • closest to epidermis
  • thin + whispy
  • main functions is to bring blood vessels to the epidermis + bring blood supply
23
Q

Reticular layer properties

A
  • closest to the hypodermis
  • thick network of collagen + elastic fibres
  • contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles + glands
24
Q

What is the papillary dermis important for

A

The papillary dermis is important for providing oxygen and nutrients for the epidermis as it is the layer closest to the epidermis (also epidermis is avascular - lacks blood vessels)

25
Q

what do the ridges of the papillary and reticular layers do

A

Ridges strengthen the attachments betweem the dermis and epidermis

26
Q

Properties of the hypodermis

A
  • Between skin + muscles + allows movement of skin
  • location of subcutaneous fats (fat under the skin)
  • fat important because it provides: protection, insulation, energy reserve and padding
27
Q

why is fat important

A

provides: protection, insulation, reserve energy and padding

28
Q

where is hair located

A

everywhere except for lips, soles, palms and portions of external genitalia (in terms of thin skin having hair, the exception is lips and portions of external genitalia)

29
Q

what is hair

A

hair is a non living structure produces in the hair follicles + surrounded by connective tissue sheath

30
Q

properties of arrector pili muscle

A
  • smooth muscle
  • goose bumps
31
Q

properties of root hair plexus

A
  • senses hair movement
  • nerve supply around hair
32
Q

properties of base of hair follicle

A

hair growth starts at the hair bulb

33
Q

where does hair growth begin

A

hair growth begins at the hair bulb

34
Q

what is the hair papilla

A

the hair papilla is a connective tissue that contains blood vessels + provides nutrients + oxygen to the dividing cells for them to make more mature EPITHELIAL CELLS which divide + push upwards + lose their nucleus to become harder and dead + full of keratin

35
Q

what are the 3 types modes of secretion

A

merocrine - exocytosis
apocrine - bud away from surface
holocrine - burst

36
Q

merocrine secretion

A

secretion released through exocytosis

37
Q

apocrine secretion

A

secretion released through budding away from surface

38
Q

holocrine secretion

A

secretion released through the cell bursting (eg pimples bursting)

39
Q

what are the 3 types of glands found in the skin?

A

Sebaceous
Merocine
apocrine

40
Q

properties of sebaceous glands

A
  • in hair follicles
  • method: holocrine
  • produce sebum (oily secretion, lubricates hair a+ skin, increased activity during puberty)
41
Q

properties of merocrine glands

A
  • secretes directly onto skin surface
  • method: merocrine
  • produce sweat (99% water, 1% NaCl electrolytes metabolites + waste product)
  • distributed all over body + important for temp regulation
42
Q

properties of apocrine glands

A
  • secretes into hair follicles
  • method: merocrine
  • secretion attracts bacteria - odour
  • nipple, axilla (armpit), pubic + anal region
43
Q

apes at the gym

A
  • apocrine glands
  • secrete into hair folicles
  • nipples, axilla, pubic + anal region
  • secretion attracts bacteria - odour

biom1052 (2 decks)

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